Petersburg, FL 33716Main Number: (727) 578-8100. The 8-inch howitzer was the most accurate artillery weapon system in the US Army's arsenal. Strictly for actual danger close situations. How do we train commanders to effectively integrate these additional assessment factors in the close fight when peacetime training policies and regulations restrict the observer of these fire missions to a minimum distance of 1,200 meters from the impact zone?4 Applying the additional assessment factors to bring external fires closer to the observer will make training more realistic and effective. When the 7th Battalion (Bn), 15th Artillery (Arty) prepared for deployment to Vietnam in late 1966, it was armed with 8-inch Self-Propelled (SP) Howitzers designated as the US Army model M110. The deliberate decision to deliver danger-close fires ensures the commander retains his firepower advantage over the enemy. Thus far, I have pointed out the irresponsible approaches to preparing units for use of external fires in close combat. Let us start with the easy part. We use cookies to enhance your website experience. Trust is built in training and experience, but training must subject the commander/subordinate relationship to the realities of risk in combat in order to truly be effective. Page last modified: Commanders must understand that calculating the risk of a danger-close joint direct attack munition (JDAM) delivered by a fixed-wing aircraft is much different than danger-close 30mm cannon fire from an Apache helicopter because the pilot provides additional control of the decision, further mitigating risk. Leading subordinate commanders, platoon leaders, and NCOs through case studies and shared experiences can greatly increase their preparation. Do closer fires need to be called at targets further away and then corrected on closer targets? 'Danger Close' does not mean what you think it means : r/joinsquad - reddit Furthermore, the 10 percent PI distance, or 1 out of 10, for 30mm guns from an Apache is 25 meters, which a commander can determine is still a safer probability than the enemy grenades. For example, the 0.1 percent PI outlined in JFIRE for 30mm guns from an Apache helicopter is 70 meters, the distance considered danger close. The supported maneuver commander submitting the fire request is responsible for the decision to call for fires when those fires are less than minimum safe distances to friendly positions. Big Guns and Heavy Artillery of the Vietnam War The supported maneuver commander. My mouth was open in Awe, when I said holy F****G shit" Thankfully no one was badly inju. Terrain changes the risks involved. The Danger Close distance is always the Standing RED for Air to Surface fires, but is always 600m for indirect Surface to Surface fires, regardless of the actual RED. For example, when Soldiers are danger close, aviators may execute a racetrack pattern parallel to friendly troops to minimize the risk of long or short rounds. 400 meters - 105 mm 500 meters - 155 mm/naval gunfire Nothing contained in MSDs precludes the furnishing of close fire support to maneuver combat elements. Answer (1 of 3): That is a difficult question to give a really good answer to for a variety of reasons. That does not tell you much does it? danger close. If the enemy is hurling grenades toward friendly troops, a combat leader can quickly estimate the PI for a grenade. Civilian considerations dictate how the commander can use fires. Key to this trust relationship is successful shared experiences and training, which is difficult to attain if training does not address the situation occurring in combat.8 This relationship often begins in training and is more important in combat. Clearly, a commander willing to deliver external fires close to his own troops has a legitimate need to protect them in this manner. Troops are often in standard protective equipment, in the prone behind cover, and may or may not be perpendicular to the line of fire. What is Danger Close? ICM munitions are delivered by 105mm and 155mm howitzers and by MLRS (rockets and missiles). . Kievsky district: jumping for cover after an incoming artillery barrage comes far too close for comfort. As stated before, the decision to deliver danger-close fires often occurs within seconds where any hesitation can quickly become a costly delay, multiplying the negative effects of the battle. An indication of this tendency comes from the common clich that we train as we fight. Yet due to the training restrictions on fires, the difference in distance between training and fighting can be substantial. Visibility of both the friendly and enemy dispositions allows aviators to more fully develop their situational awareness. This translates to: Nothing contained in MSDs precludes the furnishing of close fire support to maneuver combat elements. The manuals abstractly approach the weapon and ammunition as a system, but even with the advent of modern technology, a person with a beating heart and a thinking mind is still pulling the trigger. It was capable of firing a 200 pound High Explosive (HE . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . To bridge the gap between the doctrinal approach to fires and the reality of the danger-close fight, commanders must assess more factors than the employment of the weapon and ammunition. With no smoke available, then LTC Moore, based on his Korean War experience, called in white phosphorus rounds within yards of friendly positions. Therefore, it is imperative that we effectively train our forces to confidently and competently utilize fires danger close. Army Field Manual (FM) 3-21.10, The Infantry Rifle Company, states, [i]f required, the company commander can even call for artillery fires right on his company position using proximity or time fuses for airbursts. Although our doctrine outlines the idea of using fires danger close to ones own position, it is not adequately trained or thoroughly analyzed in the Army today. PDF Principles of Fire Support B2c0289xq Student Handout During an address to the students at the Naval Postgraduate School on 7 June 2012, Special Operations Commander ADM William McRaven emphasized that military leaders should take and accept risks and be prepared to fail in an effort to learn from experience. Analysis of the purpose is twofold. Moore concluded that the danger-close missions gave us the edge at precisely the moment we needed it.. Mortars were 4.2inch caliber. Training that restricts employment of "danger-close" fires avoids preparing commanders with our chief advantage in the last 100 yards. Cookie Notice The perspective of the pilot or shooter is important to the commander in a danger-close environment. Ensuring the safety of your own force is paramount, but the safety of civilians outweighs the destruction of enemy forces. Not only are the stakes high in close combat, its results can quickly have negative operational and strategic effects if high-level staffs are not prepared to properly address the civilian population, the media, adjacent units, and policy makers about the outcome. While there are many "missions" available, the most common in a wartime scenario is the basic "adjust fire": . Second, the purpose of the fire mission is psychological, meaning the fires can disrupt the enemy and change the decision cycle of the enemy commander who may have thought that our force would be unwilling to conduct fire missions that close. Obtaining the commanders initials during a danger-close engagement is not only important because it is prescribed by the JFIRE manual, but because it indicates that the ground commander has assessed, mitigated, and accepted the risk of the mission, said MAJ Harrington. When MSDs and REDs are put together, the leader is able to manage his risk from negligibleto 10 PIbased on his distance from the impact of friendly supporting indirect fire. First, the purpose of the fire mission is physical, meaning the fires can destroy enemy forces, which in turn will reduce the risks to friendly forces. The warning "danger close" is given by the requester to indicate friendly troops are within danger close distances to the target. Halfway through I tell em: "danger close! Subscribe for MORE http://bit.ly/karmasub Buy Squad HERE http://bit.ly/buysquad Become a Channel Member http://bit.ly/joinkarma My Socials: Discord https://discord.gg/karmakutInstagram https://www.instagram.com/karmakut/Twitch https://www.twitch.tv/karmakutTwitter https://twitter.com/karmakutCALLING IN DANGER CLOSE ARTILLERY AS AN INFANTRY SQUAD WITH OPERATOR DREWSKIDrewski's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-ihxmkocezGSm9JcKg1rfw- - - - -Squad Gameplay Overview: Squad is a large scale 40v40 combined arms multiplayer first-person shooter emphasizing combat realism through communication, team play, tactics, and planning on the battlefield.Buy Squad HERE http://bit.ly/buysquad Squad Gameplay Playlist http://bit.ly/sqdplaylist- - - - - My Specs: CPU: Ryzen R9 3900x https://amzn.to/2YThvcCCPU Cooler: CORSAIR H100i https://amzn.to/2YThvcCRAM: G.Skill Ripjaws V Series https://amzn.to/2Z1HT4kMotherboard: ASRock X570 Taichi https://amzn.to/33FfQGnGPU: Gigabyte AORUS GeForce RTX 2080 Ti https://amzn.to/31IsD9cCase: CORSAIR OBSIDIAN 750D Full-Tower https://amzn.to/2Hcm1IaPSU: EVGA SuperNOVA 850 https://amzn.to/2YYgznsStorage 1: Samsung SSD 970 PRO 512GB https://amzn.to/2KCJfteStorage 2: Samsung SSD 860 PRO 2TB https://amzn.to/2HciD0aMouse: Logitech G Pro Wireless https://amzn.to/31I3z2bKeyboard: CoolerMaster Novatouch TKL (NO LONGER ON AMAZON)Headphones: Sennheiser 598 (NO LONGER ON AMAZON)Mic: Blue Yeti Blackout https://amzn.to/2z6CCZKBenQ Screenbar: https://amzn.to/31XsnU1Chair: GTRACING Gaming Chair https://amzn.to/2H6MJlJVR Headset: Occulus Rift S https://amzn.to/2Zb11aUVR Mic: Antlion Audio ModMic Wireless https://amzn.to/2HcdzsC- - - - - Special thanks to my General Channel Member:David BeanBusiness Email: karmakut@gmail.com#karmakut #squad #milsim This results in a black and white determination of whether a fire mission poses risk to friendly forces or not. Privacy Policy. Changing the disposition of friendly troops can reduce the risks as well, namely ensuring troops are in covered positions. The manual emphasizes the importance of understanding the RED based on the assumptions outlined in the manual, for any change to these assumptions may significantly increase the risk-estimate distances. Logically, changes in assumptions can also significantly decrease the RED and safely deliver fires danger close. Furthermore, commanders who advocate risk aversion through zero-defect leadership create riskier leaders because they are only trained and rewarded to avoid risk. For the previous example of a GBU-38, JFIRE reveals the 0.1 percent PI distance for this bomb is anything 185 meters and closer, which is based on the unrealistic assumptions outlined in the manual. MSD's and not "danger close" distances should be used when in close contact or as a planning figure when echeloning fires. Likewise, a responsible venture of all leaders should be to accept risks in training in order to reduce risks in combat. The quick and well-calculated decision to deliver fires danger close can turn the tide of battle, often ending a fight on terms favorable to U.S. forces, just as Moore did in the Ia Drang Valley. Danger Close may refer to: A call for fire in directing artillery. Third, a risk accepted in training is an effort to reduce a risk occurring in combat. Army Techniques Publication (ATP) 3-09.32, JFIRE: Multi-service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Joint Application of Firepower, is a compilation of field manuals from all services that defines danger-close fires in two ways. If we change the assumptions and put an observer inside a covered position where he is completely protected, we must assume that the PI would be even higher. 1 Carl Von Clausewitz, On War, ed. Danger Close - Wikipedia First, the safe employment of danger-close fires is feasible in both combat and training. The primary task: to provide close and continuous fire support to the maneuver units. (At lesser ranges the RED decreases). Guns were 175mm. With a combat-experienced Army and technological advancements in weapons and ammunition, opting for artillery on my position is not the most prudent use of fires available to the commander. Some could argue that these two risks will combine to compound the risk further, but assuming this danger-close fire mission will disrupt the risk from enemy fires in exchange for the risk from our own ordnance is a more accurate assessment. The first interwoven relationship in close combat is between the commander on the ground and the higher commander. Copyright 1995 - 2022 General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems. danger close 155mm artillery - rccommonwealth.org Clausewitz wrote about the uncertainty of such close combat while Sun Tzu concluded that it is best to subdue the enemy without fighting at all.1 As young officers and NCOs deduce that battle is uncertain from reading these classics on warfare, we as leaders fail to assert to them that although close combat is predominately uncertain, we must not avoid preparing our units for it. Trust must fill the gap between the commanders choice and the subordinates preference. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems is a global aerospace and defense company. First, danger close is included in the method-of-engagement line of a call-for-fire request to indicate that friendly forces are close to the target. We assume the enemy desires close battle to negate our advantage of external assets, namely aerial and cannon fires. 5-42. The third relationship is between the commander and the external assets, commonly pilots. As we engage the enemy at close range, a danger-close fire mission disrupts their decision cycle and can turn the tide of a battle in our favor. CALLING IN DANGER CLOSE ARTILLERY AS AN INFANTRY SQUAD WITH - YouTube A recommended techniques is to initiate fires at MSDs and to then "creep" fires onto the target. Doctrinal manuals with extensive tables outlining the RED provide only a starting point to help commanders understand the risks of bringing fires upon the enemy. FM3-09.21 Chptr 5 Deliver Fires - GlobalSecurity.org Danger close is also exclusive from the minimum safe distance (MSD) utilized for peacetime training. Simple approaches to combat situations can be useful, but they often lead us to create simple training focused on risk avoidance, which does not teach young leaders how to mitigate risks in combat. The nature of the current war in Afghanistan necessitates training focused on the danger-close fight to build trust relationships in our ranks. If the commander decides to conduct a mission danger close to his own position where his subordinates are also subject to the results of the decision, they may or may not agree with his choice. First, are risks to friendly troops from enemy fire greater than the risk of conducting a danger-close fire mission? This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Danger Close. Unique to this relationship is the requirement that the on-scene commander transmit his initials in the call for fire, which acknowledges responsibility for the risk associated with the fire mission. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Namely, a commander can assume that a pilot will safely execute his fire mission regardless of how close it is called in, even when he is absolved of the responsibility. How does Danger close work? : r/WarCollege - reddit The fire mission can communicate to the enemy willingness and competence to bring fires very close, even if it does not physically harm them. Furthermore, joint manuals clearly state that danger-close fire missions are permitted in combat but forbidden in training. http://youtu.be/5Bd1Ydd9rwk - video 1 my viewhttp://yo. It is even possible, based on the terrain, that ordnance delivered at a greater distance from a friendly position can be more risky. PDF Principles of Fire Support B2c2437 Student Handout 81mm Roll Controlled Guided Mortar (RCGM). External support, such as artillery, close air support (CAS), and rotary-wing close combat attack (CCA), provides the most firepower available to an on-scene commander. For example, delivery of a 500-pound bomb within 75 meters of my own position, but at a lower elevation in a river bed, is not as risky as delivering the same bomb at 150 meters at a greater elevation from my own position along the side of a mountain. Table 2-3 contains a complete listing of MSDs and REDs for common fire support assets at maximum range of weapons systems. M777 155 mm Lightweight Towed Howitzer | Military-Today.com As small unit leaders and their forward observers stand on the open hilltop of a call-for-fire range and squint through binoculars to see the impact and effect of rounds on targets, we must ask whether this properly prepares them to make decisions concerning complex problems they will face in the last 100 yards. by Kris Osborn. New rocket-assist projectile (RAP) Maximum range beyond that of current inventory, Includes a high-performance rocket motor and insensitive explosive, Compatible with Armys future Extended Range Cannon Artillery System, Improved and more realistic performance at a lower cost, Ballistically similar to the 155mm M795 tactical round, Supports U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps training requirements, High fragmentation body with a streamlined give and drag-reducing base burner. Commanders must foster this within their own units, with adjacent units, and with their supporting elements. This is the view point from two squads that were in the houses down below. The proximity of that person to the battle is significant, especially when he is delivering ordnance close to Soldiers on the ground. Minimum safe distance (MSD) is defined as the distance in meters from the intended center of impact at which a specific degree of risk and vulnerability will not be exceeded with a 99% assurance. For a 155 round, anything under 600m is considered danger close. I was just blown away we shot our own PB. Get that artillery off my guys!" But it doesn't stop them. 5 MAJ Bernard Harrington, phone interview, 9 July 2012. All Rights Reserved. For more information, please see our 07-07-2011 02:43:51 ZULU. Launch Systems, Control Actuator Systems, Rocket Motor Cases, Pressure Vessels and Launch Tubes. Second, trust and mutual understanding are built in training, expanded through combat experience, and vitally important to small units engaged in close battle. We are a committed to providing the U.S. military and its allies with an extensive range of overarching products that provide a cutting-edge advantage to our war fighters. MAJ Harrington added, What we observe on the ground enables us to confirm the location of friendly troops, assess the enemy situation, and ultimately deliver timely and accurate fires. Caution should be used when firing ICM in danger close situations as an ICM . Other variables like altitude, fortifications and firing direction are also taken into account. As the pilot hammers in rounds danger close to friendly forces, trust and mutual understanding take on a depth and breadth of meaning unmatched in other environments, yet the same pilot in training is restricted to an overly safe distance. These projectiles can be fired off both the M777A2 Lightweight Towed 155mm Howitzer and the M109A7 Paladin SelfPropelled . This is simply a warning and not a restriction to both the maneuver commander and the fire direction center to take proper precautions. Indirect Fire A single munition can have different REDs and Danger Close distances for a contact fuze and an airburst fuze as well. Full rate production of these projectiles will all take place within the next five years. Risk aversion, in the form of overly restrictive safety procedures during training for danger-close fires, actually assumes more risk because it avoids the risks instead of training leaders to mitigate the risks. Corporate Headquarters:100 Carillon ParkwaySt. The tactics of maneuver warfare suggest forcing the enemy to compromise between the organic fires from the element on the ground and the fires from above. Artillery Terms and Tactics MSDs allow for the maximum use of indirect fire while ensuring the safety of friendly troops. The proximity of an asset to the battle can also help reduce the risks to civilians. Coupling this with realistic training that incurs some increased risk will pay priceless dividends with the ability to save lives in combat. Lightweight composite structural components and integrated assemblies for commercial and military aircraft. This situation can often be the decisive point of battle for either side. This avoidance is pronounced in the risk-averse manner in which we train. Artillery gives depth to the battlefield. The JFIRE manual bases RED on three assumptions: friendly troops are standing unprotected in the open, in winter clothing and helmet, and on a line perpendicular to the line of fire. Clearly, combat rarely adheres to these assumptions. If the commander on the ground, which is the highest-ranking Soldier present, decides he wants danger-close fires, the trust and mutual understanding from the higher commander should unequivocally support this decision. Filmed by Panda and others. **DANGER CLOSE** This is what it feels like to have friendly 155mm air by Sanuel B. Griffith (London: Oxford University Press, 1963), 78 Subduing the enemy without fighting is the acme of skill.. The term "danger close" is included in the call for fire when there are friendly troops or positions within a prescribed distance of the target, specifically 600 meters for artillery or mortars and 750 meters for naval gunfire. Danger Close. Can fires be called closer than that? LTG (Retired) Harold Moore captured a classic example from the Vietnam War in his book We Were Soldiers Once and Young, which he co-wrote with Joseph L. Galloway. Active Protection Systems (APS) uses sensors, tracking radar, launchers and countermeasure munitions to defeat and/or deflect anti-tank guided missiles and rocket-propelled grenades away from combat vehicles. SSG Ryan Pitts, a forward observer for Chosen Company, 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment, has directed danger-close fire missions during multiple tours in Afghanistan. How far away do you have to be from a 155 mm artillery shell to - Quora This question ensures the commander identifies and weighs the intended effect of the fire mission. However, regardless of the documented procedure, professional aviators mitigate the risk to friendly forces to the greatest extent possible prior to conducting an engagement.. Our doctrine emphasizes that full spectrum operations demand rapid decision making with trust and mutual understanding among superiors and subordinates.6 These trust relationships are amplified in close combat. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems is a global aerospace and defense company. We must first conceptualize our training based on combat, mitigate and accept risk in training as we would in combat, then address range restrictions and prudently modify restrictions as necessary. Subscribe for MORE http://bit.ly/karmasub Buy Squad HERE http://bit.ly/buysquad Become a Channel Member http://bit.ly/joinkarma My Socials: Di.
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