it means that a chemical or mixture of chemicals, fed into a. McKinsey uses cookies to improve site functionality, provide you with a better browsing experience, and to enable our partners to advertise to you. As feedstock, the term connotes these materials are . Definition of biomass as a feedstock: Biomass is organic matter that comes from living organisms. Inhibition (iii) middle boiling-range liquids of which kerosene is an example and which is used in diesel fuel. One of the basic areas of knowledge in learning chemistry is chemical structural formulas. feedstock - any unprocessed material used as a supply for a manufacturing process. Also Known As: A feedstock may also be called a raw material or unprocessed material. Abstract. The discussions in prior chapters relating to foam properties and chemistry apply to flexible foams from a fundamental standpoint. Feedstock refers to raw materials (input) fed into a process for conversion into something different (output). Raw material or fuel required for an industrial process. Academic library - free online college e textbooks - info{at}ebrary.net - 2014 - 2022. The choice of feedstock (s) used by a petrochemical unit . What are renewable feedstocks? Feedstock Feedstock is any hydrocarbon input to a process unit. Raw material or fuel required for an industrial process. stock. Any bulk raw material constituting the principal input for an industrial process. means Plant feedstock other than Ethane conforming to the specifications set forth in the Feedstock Supply Agreement. And even though the use of bond energy data is a method for predicting the reactivity or the stability of specific bonds under designed conditions, the reactivity of a particular bond is also subject to its environment. What is the definition of feedstock? stock | \ fd-stk \ Definition of feedstock : raw material supplied to a machine or processing plant Examples of feedstock in a Sentence Recent Examples on the Web Fulcrum plans to produce up to 33 million gallons of fuel per year and process up to 530,000 tons per year of prepared feedstock at the 75-acre site in Gary. This is very necessary when the different types of feedstocks crude oil accepted by refineries are considered. PHA versatility allows obtaining a broad range of properties. Sometimes feedstock is a synonym for biomass. Coal tar was the feedstock for all kinds of chemicals until it was replaced by oil in the 1940s. ethylene glycol - via ethylene oxide hydration The Feedstock Technologies program develops science-based strategies and technologies to reduce the cost, improve the quality, and increase the quantity of sustainable, renewable, and re-usable carbon-based feedstocks. It is therefore the purpose of this chapter to serve as an introduction to the chemistry involved in these conversion processes so that the subsequent chapters dealing with refining are easier to visualize and understand. impeding the uptake of biobased materials. When the term feedstock is used for the feed to the entire refinery, it typically means non-crude feedstocks such as VGO and blendstocks. Privacy Policy. By using this Site or clicking on "OK", you consent to the use of cookies. The transition from mineral oil-based lubes to biodegradable lubricants from renewable raw materials is ongoing. Not surprisingly, there were more studies completed in the area of physics compared to the other science disciplines because of its long history in science education research and the complex, counterintuitive, and abstract nature of its concepts. industry A feedstock is a raw material used to provide reactants for an industrial reaction. Fill in the blank: I cant figure out _____ gave me this gift. More: In the context of biofuels, a feedstock is any biomass destined for conversion to energy or biofuel. A refinery is a complex network of integrated unit processes for the purpose of producing a variety of products from crude oil (Chapter 4) (Parkash, 2003; Gary et ah, 2007; Speight, 2014; Hsu and Robinson, 2017; Speight, 2017). However, in order to understand the principles of catalytic cracking, understanding the principles of adsorption and reaction on solid surfaces is valuable (Samorjai, 1994; Masel, 1995). A petrochemical is a substance made from crude oil using chemical . n. Raw material required for an industrial process. Worldwide logistics issues are a factor, but more marginal in the supply question when the determining factor is the ability to convert feedstock to product and bolster the supply chain. However, the complexity of the individual reactions occurring in an extremely complex mixture and the interference of the products with those from other components of the mixture is unpredictable. feedstock noun [ C or U ] uk / fid.stk / us / fid.stk / material that is used to produce something in an industrial process: The plants may need massive amounts of feedstock to make relatively small amounts of fuel. Feedstock is an integral part of the biorefinery system. Feedstock is any hydrocarbon input to a process unit. The term usually refers to an organic substance. Various improvements to the process were introduced into the 1920s. Polyurethane chemistry is flexible (Polyurethanes science, technology, markets, and trends). What is biomass as a feedstock? The trade-off among product types, quantity, and quality influences the choice of one kind of processing option over another. WILL YOU SAIL OR STUMBLE ON THESE GRAMMAR QUESTIONS? The mixture, which is a temperature-dependent feedstock separated by fractional distillation. The term 'chemical feedstock' can also refer to intermediate byproducts that are temporarily stored for later use. The fuels are produced by thermal decomposition of a variety of hydrocarbon derivatives, high-molecular-weight paraffins included. Many of the constituents of crude oil are paraffins. Learn more about feedstock Production Process The production process is the type (s) of technology used to convert renewable biomass into renewable fuel. Feedstock is also known as raw material. But the Tech May Not Be Very Green, Building a better chemical factoryout of microbes, Scientists Just Laid Out a Game Plan for Building a Clean Hydrogen Economy, Elon Musks $100 Million Carbon Capture Push. Smoothly step over to these common grammar mistakes that trip many people up. feedstock noun [ C or U ] / fid.stk / / fid.stk / material that is used to produce something in an industrial process The plants may need massive amounts of feedstock to make relatively small amounts of fuel. They need biobased chemical/material manufacturers to demonstrate safety. raw material for a processing or manufacturing industry. Feedstock A feedstock is a type of renewable biomass that is converted into a renewable fuel. However, as one of the major science disciplines in elementary (Science Education Research and Practices in Taiwan). Conversion processes are, in essence, processes that change the number of carbon atoms per molecule, alter the molecular hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, or change the molecular structure of the material without affecting the number of carbon atoms per molecule. Chemical feedstocks are any raw materials used in the mass production of chemical products. The relative reactivity of crude oil constituents can be assessed on the basis of bond energies but the thermal stability of an organic molecule is dependent upon the bond strength of the weakest bond. The petrochemical manufacturing process begins with a "feedstock". American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. However, understanding refining chemistry from the behavior of model compounds - even under refining conditions - is not as straightforward as it may appear. But oil produces far more than just fuel. DOE Strategic Goals for the Use of Renewable Feedstocks Dramatically reduce, or even end, dependence on foreign oil (a displacement and energy component) Spur the creation of a domestic bioindustry (an enabling and economic component) Integration of chemicals with fuels will simultaneously address both goals. And in the present context, it is as well that hydrocarbon derivatives decompose at elevated temperatures. Thus, the chemistry of the refining process is concerned primarily with the production not only of better products but also of salable materials and is dictated by the type of reactor, the reactor parameters, and the properties of the feedstocks. Or the interference of secondary and tertiary products with the course of a reaction and, hence, with the formation of primary products may also be cause for concern. Chemistry is a difficult subject for students to learn since it involves many abstract concepts, symbols, and unfamiliar specific terms (Gilbert and Treagust 2009; Tsaparlis et al 2010). Definition of green chemistry. Contents of feedstock are sources of forms of corrosion, leading to failure of processing equipment. for the petrochemical. ethylene - the simplest olefin; used as a chemical feedstock and ripening stimulant polyethylene - polymerized ethylene; LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE; ethanol - via ethylene hydration (chemical reaction adding water) of ethylene; ethylene oxide - via ethylene oxidation. The catalytic cracking process was improved in the 1940s with the use of fluidized or moving beds of powdered catalyst to produce high-octane liquids. This could be crude oil or any intermediate refining stream. Glucose from cornstarch is the current choice as a substrate, although advances may enable the use of less expensive lignocellulosic materials. Antimicrobial agents are substance of chemical or biological or biochemical origin which inhibits the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungus, algae, or other parasites. n. Raw material or fuel required for an industrial process. The demand for transportation fuels As the name implies, this is the discipline dealing with how gases and other chemicals and particulates in the atmosphere interact with each other, such as with the formation and destruction of ozone, both in the upper atmosphere and as a ground-dwelling pollutant. This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. Hence, caution is advised when applying the data from model compound studies to the behavior of petroleum, especially the molecularly complex viscous feedstocks. From: Recent Advances in Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass, 2015. In 1936, the first catalytic cracking process - the Houdry process - went on stream. the main raw material used in the manufacture of a product, 8 Top CEOs Give Their Predictions for the Wild Year Ahead, Fossil Fuel Companies Say Hydrogen Made From Natural Gas Is a Climate Solution. Sign up to make the most of YourDictionary. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Remembering that the word paraffin was derived from the Latin parum affinis meaning little affinity or little reactivity, it must have come as a great surprise that hydrocarbon derivatives, paraffins included can undergo a diversity of reactions thereby influencing the chemistry of refining depending upon the source of the crude oil (Smith, 1994; Laszlo, 1995; Yen, 1998). Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree. It must be appreciated that the stereochemistry of organic compounds is often a major factor in determining reactivity and properties. Related terms: Biofuel; Biodiesel Production; Gasification; Biodiesel; Bio-Oil; Biochar; Biomass; Hydrogen; Pretreatment 2017; Speight, 2017, 2019, 2020). Definition of feedstock chemical and sources? Nevertheless, the chemistry of conversion process may be quite complex (King et al., 1973), and an understanding of the chemistry involved in the conversion of a crude oil to a variety of products is essential to an understanding of refinery operations. During the 1950s, as demand for automobile and jet fuel increased, the hydrocracking process developed was applied to petroleum refining. Sample 1 With salt and coal, it formed the main feedstock for the chemical industry until about 1914. Then he suggested an improvement to the feedstock pump that increased the mean time between failures by a couple hours. These have few, if any, parallels in organic chemistry. Many of her labs projects focus on replacing petroleum as a feedstock. Refining processes involve the use of various thermal and catalytic processes to higher-molecular- weight constituents to lower-boiling products (Parkash, 2003; Gary et al., 2007; Speight, 2014; Hsu and Robinson, 2017; Speight, 2017). When the term feedstock is used for the feed to the entire refinery, it typically means non-crude feedstocks such as VGO and blendstocks. For example, in a crude oil refinery, the highest value products are transportation fuels: (i) gasoline - boiling range: 35C-220C, 95F-425F, (ii) jet fuel - boiling range 175C-290C, 350F-550F, and (iii) diesel fuel, boiling range 175C-370C, 350F-700F. 2022 LoveToKnow Media. It's basic commons sense at work here. No longer was it just a dirty industrial feedstocknow it was the fuel of the future. Hence, caution is advised when applying the data from model compound studies to the behavior of crude oil, especially the molecu- larly complex viscous feedstocks. Renewable chemistry research has traditionally focused on finding alternatives to petrochemical-based fuels. Thus, it is not only the reactivity of the constituents of crude oil that are important in processing behavior, but it is also the stereochemistry of the constituents as they relate to one another that is also of some importance (Speight, 2014). Instead, we could rely on the existing natural gas and electricity infrastructure to transport the feedstock for making clean hydrogenelectricity and methaneto smaller local hydrogen generation facilities. The vast majority of petrochemicals are derived from oil or natural gas. In winter, gasoline will typically (in cold regions) have butane added to the mix (to facilitate cold starting), thereby changing the boiling range to 0C-220C (320F-425F). Feedstock definition, raw material for processing or manufacturing industry. This efficiency translates into a strong economic advantage, leading to widespread use of conversion processes in refineries today. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. feedstocks Frequency: Raw material or fuel required for an industrial process. Bio-materials may be substituted for petrochemical feedstocks as petroleum prices rise. Detailed information on the use of cookies on this Site, and how you can decline them, is provided in our cookie policy. (iv) low-boiling and high-boiling gas oils which are used to produce the various grades of fuel oil, and (v) coke, which is a solid carbonaceous product that can be used as a refinery fuel or in a gasification process to produce synthesis gas (Parkash, 2003; Gary et al., 2007; Speight, 2014; Hsu and Robinson. noun 0 0 Raw material for industrial processing; often, specif., any of various petroleum products used in making petrochemicals and gasoline. Feedstock Chemistry in the Refinery Introduction Crude oil is rarely used in its raw form but must instead be processed into its various products, generally as a means of forming products with hydrogen content different from that of the original feedstock. The process employs hydrogen gas to improve the hydrogen-carbon ratio in the products and to arrive at a broader range of end products. Renewable feedstocks are bound to gradually replace sources of fossil origin (oil, gas and coal), both as fuel and as raw materials for the chemical industry. Each refinery has its own range of preferred crude oil feedstock from which a desired distribution of products is obtained. All rights reserved. PHAs occur naturally in a variety of organisms using various renewable waste feedstocks. And the major processes by which these products are produced from crude oil constituents involve thermal decomposition. The total cost to the consumer is estimated at $ 8.4 billion a year because producing the required corn feedstock increases corn prices. The first thermal cracking process - the Burton Process - came into use in 1913. Crude oil is rarely used in its raw form but must instead be processed into its various products, generally as a means of forming products with hydrogen content different from that of the original feedstock. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/feedstock. For example, crude oil is a feedstock in a refining process which produces gasoline (petroleum). Mechanism of inhibition of bacterial growth by antibacterial compounds depends on the target bacteria. Learn more about production process Fuel Chemical Feedstock Inventory means that feedstock and intermediate product, including rail cars, tank bottoms and linefill as applicable but less water, sediment and sludge and hydrocarbon in process units and located in interconnecting pipelines owned by Seller 's Affiliate and located at the Refinery or the Chemical Complex. The process for making fuel from biomass feedstock used in the 1800's is basically the same one used today. Lubricants combine indispensable performance characteristics in transportation and industry with considerable economic value. Thereby lies the route to many modern products. Crude oil and the viscous feedstocks (such as heavy crude oil, extra-heavy crude oil, tar sand bitumen, and crude oil residua) contain many thousands of different compounds that vary in molecular weight from methane (CH4, molecular weight: 16) to more than 2,000 (Speight, 1994, 2014). A carbon product obtained from liquified carbon feedstock and used mainly in the rubber industry. Define Other Feedstock.
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