Despite Moore's account, London magazine editors seemingly sided with the sailors. 69, September 1995. [3] Many cattle, tigers, and rhinoceroses were drowned in a storm surge with an estimated height of 1013 meters (or 3040 feet) from the storm and the "earthquake". Menu. Many of them added accounts that were consistent with earthquake damages such as building toppling over and liquefaction.Whether these were actually witnessed or these events were misidentified as tidal surge inundating the city is uncertain. Even with inflated numbers, the catastrophe killed thousands and displaced thousands more. In the Ganges, 9 out of 8 boats were lost along with most of their crews, and 3 out of 4 Dutch ships also went down. Indonesia was the hardest-hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. In October of 1737, the coastal area of the Bay of Bengal north and south of Calcutta was hit by a cyclone. Also, much of it was based on eyewitness accounts or secondary sources such as word-of-mouth. The cyclone caused a storm surge of 10-13 m (30-40 ft) in the Ganges with a reported 381 mm (15 in) of rain falling in a 6-hour period. earthquakes, which were better understood than a hurricane by a European public, created more of a sense of horror and fascination among early 18th century readers. [4], The damages were described as "extensive", but no numerical data was recorded. It hit the coast near Kolkata on the morning of 11 October 1737 and presumably killed over 300,000 people inland and sea, and caused widespread catastrophic damage. Storms with death tolls over 10,000 were recorded in 1787, 1789, 1822, 1833, 1839, 1864, and 1876. [3], Golgotta, a port by the Americans in Calcutta, reported significant destruction. The timeline for the dual earthquake-cyclone "angle" to the story began in 1738. Since the event occurred -- and more evidence has surfaced -- the disaster is know called the Calcutta Cyclone of 1737. However, when one looks at the data, eye-witness reports, and a few conflicting facts about the citys population, the evidence for a major shaker doesnt add up. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone death toll 10,000-50,000 India Apr 29, 1991. A significant coastal event on the eastern seaboard of India that occurred on 11 October 1737, although initially qualified as a devastating earthquake (e.g., Dunbar et al., 1992), was later. The Cyclone hit 270 km/h for one minute and 260 km/h for three minutes. From Moore's observation, this was a major catastrophe. What happened in October 1737. Mitigation and Preparation to Response and Recovery, 2013 Hurricane Webinar Series for Educators, 1568- Hurricane Leads to British Conflict, 1559- Florida Hurricane Ruins Spanish Settlement. [3] An estimated 3,000 inhabitants of the town have been killed. if the 11 october 1737 calcutta earthquake is to remain on lists of catastrophic earthquakes, the following issues need to be resolved: the discrepancy between the 1737 urban population of calcutta (<20,000) and the number of claimed fatalities, the difficulty in distinguishing between damage from shaking and hurricane force winds and flooding Among the worst disasters in India were cyclones such as the 1839 India Cyclone, the 1737 Calcutta Cyclone, and the 1999 Odisha Cyclone. HubPages is a registered trademark of The Arena Platform, Inc. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. According Roger Bihams research paper, "The 1737 Calcutta Earthquake and Cyclone evaluated for the University of Colorado website, evidence for a severe earthquake was weak. [1], Rain accumulation on the Ganges was estimated at 381 mm (15 in) over six hours. Pub. On the other hand, the Odisha Cyclone resulted in deaths of 9,899 people. There was at the same time a violent earthquake, which threw down a great many houses along the river side. [3] Over 20,000 ships, barks, sloops, boats, canoes and other marine infrastructures were destroyed and washed out, respectively. LIVE TV English Current Science, Vol. Whatever the case may be, the 1737 Calcutta Earthquake/Cyclone was a major disaster that took the lives of many and destroyed a city. Also, earthquakes created more of a sense of horror and fascination among early 18th century readers. Thomas Oldham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/gif_images/1737Calcutta.pdf. When a cluster of clouds shows evidence of organizing around a central point of low barometric pressure, meteorologists start tracking it as a tropical depression with potential maximum sustained winds of 0 to 38 mph. Seism. October 1, 1994 Date in CU Experts . Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. The population of Calcutta at the time was around 3,00020,000. The cyclone, often referred to as the Calcutta Cyclone, did widespread damage to the low lying areas in the region. 273,400: 1920 Haiyuan earthquake: 9. The Northeast Pacific and Atlantic Oceans produce hurricanes. 1970 Bhola Cyclone - 375,000 Lives Lost. Find real-time Multiquote results stock quotes, company profile, news and forecasts from CNN Business. 2005. Seism. The difference in what people call a storm depends on the location on the planet. 6. Though popular belief in Europe at that time was that the tragedy happened due to an earthquake, Thomas Joshua Moore, the then . Firstly,. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, also known as the Hooghly River cyclone of 1737or the Great Bengal cyclone of 1737, was the first super cycloneon record in North Indian Oceanregarded one of the worst natural disaster in India . Other suggested a minor earthquake hit at the same time. 3.1 1864 Calcutta Cyclone; 3.2 November 1867 Great Calcutta cyclone; 3.3 October 1874 Bengal cyclone; 3.4 October 1876 Backergunge cyclone; 3.5 June 1885 Aden . This chapter is a case study of a natural calamity that swept through the English settlement of Calcutta on 11 October 1737 with reference to the broader questions of climate and settlement. Early in the morning on October 11, 1737, a large cyclone made landfall inside the Ganges River Delta, located just south of Calcutta, West Bengal, India. Also, when people observed a leveled city, there was nothing for them to differentiate between the disasters' aftermaths. Also, the ratio between the death toll and Calcuttas 18th century population doesnt add up. But it was the tidal surge that brought most fatalities. 1737 Calcutta cyclone Death toll 300,000 India 1780. In later years, the city's name was changed to Kolkata, thus the disaster has replaced Calcutta in the title. [1] Meanwhile, the storm started to brush the coast of the area on "the night of October 11 and 12", presumably between the same time as the 1864 storm but using the date of the 1737 storm. 1737 Calcutta cyclone: A natural disaster that struck Calcutta on October 7, 1737 left 3 lakh people dead. The Ganges accumulated 15 inches of rain in six hours. 1737 Calcutta Cyclone Monday Oct 7, 1737 India On 7 October 1737, a natural disaster struck the city of Calcutta (modern-day Kolkata) in India. Tropical Cyclone Indlala developed in the southern Indian Ocean on the 12th and reached the northeastern coast of Madagascar on the 15th. Your email address will not be published. . Numerous ships in the waterways of the Ganges delta were destroyed and many thousands of Indians lost their lives. The 1737 Calcutta Cyclone - India Estimated fatalities: 300,000 The tropical cyclone that hit Calcutta has ruined many buildings and took a lot of lives. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami - 280,000 Lives Lost 7. Map of Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta) There was at the same time a violent earthquake, which threw down a great many houses along the river side. The damage was described as "extensive" but numerical statistics are unknown. [1] The storm then began to slow down before turning north-northeastwards, making landfall over the Ganges River Delta, just south of Calcutta. D.the 1737 Calcutta cyclone Ask for details ; Follow Report by Chapmanameerah8 11/19/2017 Log in to add a comment Answer Verified by Expert. On 7 October 1737, a natural disaster struck the city of Calcutta (modern-day Kolkata) in India. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, Bhola cyclone (1970), and the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone rank among the most powerful cyclones to strike India, and neighbouring Bangladesh. 1737 Calcutta cyclone On 7 October 1737, a natural disaster struck the city of Calcutta in India. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, also known as the Hooghly River cyclone of 1737 or the Great Bengal cyclone of 1737, was the first super cyclone on record in North Indian Ocean regarded one of the worst natural disasters in India. The article went on to state that two thousands homes in the English sector of the city were thrown down, an English church sunk into the ground without breaking, and that 20,000 ships, barques, sloops, boats, canoes had been washed away. [3] Eight out of nine ships were lost in the Ganges River and most of their crews drowned in the high seas. [30] The costliest tropical cyclone was Cyclone Amphan which struck the West Bengal coast on May 20. Simple:much of the technology to gauge weather patterns or to identify damage caused by a particular major disaster was virtually unheard of during this era. Latur Earthquake 1993 Latur, Marthawada 7928 died & 30000 . The former is considered one of the first five recorded cyclones of the world while the latter is also known as the Great Calcutta Cyclone. [3] Two more ships of 60 tons were wrecked and found over the high grounds, destroying large trees. When examined several centuries later, his report was consistent with it being a cyclone. 1737 Hooghly River Cyclone vs. 1831 Barisal Tropical Cyclone. Destroyed 40% of Indias food grains 13. For a long time this was believed in Europe to have been the result of an earthquake, but it is now believed to have been a tropical cyclone. Soc. Nullam nibh neque, consectetur vel, iaculis vitae, volutpat et, mi. Although sensationalism to sell copies has never been proven, it is possible that editors ran with the earthquake story because it would produce more interests among their readers. The Cyclone At Calcutta" " The New York Times November 24, 1864 1737 "The 1737 Calcutta Earthquake and Cyclone Evaluated" by Roger Bilham, Bull. 31 story of the cyclone of 1737 was "a curious example of rapid enrichment, by its narrators, of a popular legend"; and was provoked "to discredit even the 40-feot tide." I am glad to be ablo to lay before the Royal Asiatic Society a contemporary account of tho event which occurs Golgota [i.e. 1737- Cyclone killed over 300,000 in Calcutta, India. Often, his written testimony is considered the official account. Cyclone Nargis . 300,000: 1737 Calcutta cyclone: 8. Page 223. [1] The cyclone presumably moved northwest before turning northward, paralleling the coast of Calcutta between October 10 and 11. Calcutta] alone, a port was not in use in the British Empire in being burst from the walls. September 6, 2013 6:16 AM Full Author List . 2022 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, also known as the Hooghly River cyclone of 1737 or the Great Bengal cyclone of 1737, was the first super cyclone on record in North Indian Ocean regarded one of the worst natural disasters in India. The only difference between them is where they form as in what Ocean these storms use for energy. 1.2 1737 Calcutta Cyclone; 1.3 December 1789 Indian Cyclone; 2 Early 1800s. 1839 India Cyclone - 300,000 Lives Lost 6. The maximum recorded wind speed was 260 km/h (160 mph) with minimum barometric pressure of 912 mbar (26.93 inHg). The Ganges accumulated 15 inches of rain in six hours. Date it Happened October 7th, 1737 Many people died while trying to get to shelter # Of Lives Lost 300,000 people died Events That Led Up To This Event . This article also included the 300,000 death figures and the 40 feet tidal surge traveling up the Ganges River. 1700s 1737 Calcutta Cyclone. 10000 deaths hundreds of thousands homeless 40000cattele deaths. Voltaire refers to which natural disasters in candide? Credential ID UC-39ea7d58-1737-4206-b797-c2cf43593d7d See credential. Rank Death toll (estimate) Event; 6. Moores account conflicts with the sailors. Indlala made landfall just south of Antalaha with maximum . The area is prone to tropical cyclones. Londons Gentlemans Magazines June edition of 1738-1739 stated the following: In the night between the 11th and 12th October 1737, there happened a furious hurricane at the mouth of the Ganges, which reached 60 leagues up the river. Overview; Other Profiles; Additional Document Info; Overview CU Boulder Authors . Some accounts of the storm report it occurring 30 September, which corresponds to 11 October when converted to the Gregorian system. Amer. The storm tracked approximately 330 km (200 mi) inland before dissipating. By the time he published his landmark, 'Laws of Storms' in 1842, the city had witnessed the Great Bengal Cyclone of October 11-12 in 1737 and would soon face another one, on October 5 in 1864. These accounts would eventually be used by British Geologist Thomas Oldham, who cataloged Indian earthquakes in 1883. The possibility is that a figure such as 300,000 as opposed 3,000 is more shocking. The 1783 Iceland volcano B. The cyclone hit land over the Ganges River Delta, just southwest of Calcutta. 1737 Calcutta Cyclone - 300,000 Lives Lost Before we get started with number 6 on the worst natural disasters of all time, some notes need to be made on the 1737 Cyclone. The Calcutta Earthquake of 1737 -- as it was originally labeled -- has been listed for years as being one of the most deadly and destructive earthquakes in modern history. Based on inland observations that the cyclone's tidal effects were felt as far as 130km (81mi) inland south-southwest of Calcutta, the storm likely formed near the coast of Burma, supported by observations of ships passing in the area. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. [2] It slowed down while crossing the West Bengal, entering modern-day Bangladesh on or by October 13 before being last noted that day, far to the north of Dacca. [1], India Meteorological Department researchers conducted a study about the storm's track, finding similar storms that passed on or near Calcutta to cause similar damage and the same date when they passed. [1] The 1864 Calcutta cyclone is an example they used, as the storm also had caused similar aftermath to the area nearly 127 years before. The area is prone to tropical cyclones. For most of maritime history, sailing the open oceans meant captains coped with storms as a consistent threat. 2.1 1831 Odisha cyclone; 2.2 November 1839 Coringa cyclone; 2.3 Bengal cyclone of October 1847; 3 Late 1800s. He made minor alterations (such as giving the name of the church as being St. Anne when it was not mentioned in the original article) and he erroneously attributed other passages to Gentleman Magazine, when in fact, it was originally reported by a 1738 edition of London Magazine. Often, this type of evidence is prone to slight deviations from the truth when it finally reaches the attention of a reporter. Widespread death and property destruction are reported every year in the exposed coastal states of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and . Divine Wind: The history of Science of Hurricanes For more information about this format, please see the Archive Torrents collection. If the tropical depression starts spinning fast enough, 39 to 74 mph maximum sustained winds; it's a tropical storm. A cyclone drove numerous ships ashore, but the death toll in Calcutta was a fraction of its total 1737 . In February 1875, she left Darwin, Australia en route to Adelaide when she encountered a cyclone-strength storm off the north Queensland coast. The_1737_Calcutta_Earthquake_and_Cyclone_evaluated - Read online for free. Emanuel, Kerry. There are many conflicting facts about the earthquake/cyclone. If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database. Dispute over the actual date of the cyclone has occurred, as the British Empire had not yet converted to the Gregorian calendar system at that time (it was adopted in 1752). Many powerful cyclones, including the 1737 Calcutta cyclone, the 1970 Bhola cyclone, and the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone, have led to widespread devastation along parts of the eastern coast of India and neighboring Bangladesh. Browse historical events, famous birthdays and notable deaths from Oct 1737 or search by date, day or keyword. Larry Rankin from Oklahoma on June 24, 2015: Fascinating overview of this historical tragedy. Open navigation menu The cyclone caused a storm surge 10-13 m (30-40 ft) in the Ganges with a reported 381 mm (15 in) of rain falling in a 6-hour period. 84, No. July 1780 typhoon Death toll 100,000 Philippines Nov 25, 1839. Since there was not much of a technology at that time there had been an ambiguity regarding what might have caused the disaster. And that's one fact that can't be denied. How could people misidentify the destruction caused by an earthquake or cyclone? If the sustained winds reach 75 mph, Meteorologists go from storm to cyclone. THE 1737 CALCUTTA EARTHQUAKE AND CYCLONE EVALUATED Journal Article. Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History 10 April 1943 - italian Trento-class heavy cruisers Trieste, while moored in La Maddalena, Sardinia, was bombed and sunk by American heavy bombers Trieste was the second of two Trento-class heavy cruisers built for the Italian Regia. Track Animation of 1737 Calcutta Cyclone.Super Cyclonic Storm by IMD.Cat-5 Tropical Cyclone by SSHWS.About the Cyclone : The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, also know. So why the difference, and why should we care? Flood waters (possibly a tidal surge) traveled up the Ganges River destroyed much of the citys thatched buildings. It was likely that the editors went with something familiar to them. Dean Traylor is a freelance writer and teacher who writes about various subjects, including education and creative writing. According to Bilham, Oldham admitted in his assessment of the primary sources that a cyclone and earthquake may have hit the region at the same time. 1839 India Cyclone . all inclusive hotels in cartagena - colombia raja harishchandra date of birth and death Praesent eget mauris vitae purus aliquet pretium. For a long time, this was believed in Europe to have been the result of an earthquake, but it is now believed to have been a tropical cyclone. 1 citation count . As a result, the end result of the story can be highly inaccurate, as well as heavily sensationalized. BILHAM R author count . What was known was that Europeans had a better understanding of earthquakes than cyclones. But good God belonging to the English . The Hooghly River Cyclone of 1737 is recorded as one of deadliest natural disasters of all time. Aliquam vel justo id purus facilisis ultricies. 250,000-300,000: 526 Antioch earthquake: 10. The Calcutta Cyclone and India Cyclone each claimed lives of 300,000 Indians. Whatever the case may be, the 1737 Calcutta Earthquake/Cyclone was a major disaster that took the lives of many and destroyed a city. Catalogs of historically devastating earthquakes (e.g., Dunbar et al., 1992) contain an entry for an earthquake in Calcutta in 1737 that is held responsible for the loss of 300,000 lives, thus rendering it one of the three most disastrous earthquakes in history. [1] Researchers then adjusted the landfall time of the 1737 storm to match the time where the residents inland experienced the storm's fury. - Advertisement - With peak winds of 257 km/h cyclone 05B, a supercyclone that struck Orissa on 29 October 1999, was the deadliest in more than a quarter-century. A probe into the Calcutta earthquake of 1737 [3] An earthquake and a storm surge, destroying some 20,000 ships in the harbor and killing some 300,000 people, were reported by other merchant ships. Finally, tropical cyclones form in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans. Top 10 Worst Natural Disasters of All Time 10. Thomas Joshua Moore, a duties collector for the British East India Company in Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) must have been shocked beyond all comprehension at the disaster that unfolded before him on October 11, 1737. A group of English merchants formed the East India Company in 1599. Your email address will not be published. Bilham, Roger. Early on the morning of October 11, 1737, a large cyclone made a landfall within the Ganges River Delta, located just south of Calcutta. [3] At the same time, the figure of 3,000 is only an estimation of the number of deaths inside the city itself. Oct 7 A cyclone causes 40 foot waves that are believed to have killed 300,000 in Calcutta, India; Oct 11 Earthquake reported to have killed 300,000 and destroyed half of Calcutta in India. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone bangla news - Get latest and breaking bangla news about The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, updated and published at 24Ghanta, Zee News Bengali. Worse yet, that information can be eschewed by the reporter or editor who may want it to fit a particular narrative. Indias Ganges River Delta is prone to tropical cyclones. Intro; Programme; Participating and guest institutions; Organizers; Photo gallery The Cyclone hit 270 km/h for one minute and 260 km/h for three minutes. [3] Houses near or on the harbor were destroyed and the local St. Anne's Church sustained substantial damage and subsequently collapsed. The 1737 Calcutta cyclone, the 1970 Bhola cyclone, and the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone rank among the most powerful cyclones to strike India, devastating the coasts of eastern India and neighboring Bangladesh. MG Singh emge from Singapore on June 15, 2015: great information, I was not aware about it. People had to clean up the damage and refurbish the city It was important because it changed how the people in India saw things What Happened During The Cyclone? 242,769 . cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/gif_images/1737Calcutta.pdf, Rao, Pitta Govinda. Soc. Meteorologists study and monitor the weather everywhere on the planet at all times using satellite imaging and other scientific instruments. if the 11 october 1737 calcutta earthquake is to remain on lists of catastrophic earthquakes, the following issues need to be resolved: the discrepancy between the 1737 urban population of calcutta (<20,000) and the number of claimed fatalities, the difficulty in distinguishing between damage from shaking and hurricane force winds and flooding Bhola Cyclone 1970 West Bengal, India & East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 500, Tangshan Earthquake 1976 China 242, Cyclone 1977 Andhra Pradesh. Studying these weather events gives officials time to warn people and get them out of the way. 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Death toll 138,866 Bangledesh May 2, 2008. Additional cyclones with death tolls reported over 10,000 people struck again in 1787, 1789, 1822, 1833, 1839, 1864, 1876, and later. It was a similar story twenty-five years after the 1864 cyclone, and with similar devastating outcomes. A. Most deaths resulted from storm the surge and happened on the sea: many ships sank in the Bay of Bengal and an unknown number of livestock and wild animals were killed from the effects of the cyclone. Such was the case in October 1737, when a storm formed in the North Indian Ocean and then went north, slamming into the mouth of the Hooghly River close to Calcutta, India. It also demolished the European ports in the vicinity of the city, and in his estimation killed approximately 3,000 inhabitants. For a long time this was believed in Europe to have been the result of an earthquake, but it is now believed to have been a tropical cyclone. Widespread death and property destruction result every year in exposed coastal states such as Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil . Formation in the Northwest Pacific Ocean means it's a typhoon. Amer . The 1737 Calcutta Cyclone In 1737 a disaster hit in Calcutta, India; a typhoon followed by massive flooding. The East-West Metro has suffered a delay in completion due to three accidents that occurred during the tunnelling work at . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The cyclone caused a storm surge 10-13 m (30-40 ft) in the Ganges with a reported 381 mm (15 in) of rain falling in a 6-hour period. The storm tracked approximately 330 km (200 mi) inland before dissipating. [3] In his official report, Thomas Joshua Moore, the British East India Company duties collector, said that almost all the thatched buildings had been destroyed by the storm and flood.
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