(The opposite relationship also exists.). _____ Upon completion of a mission, and before announcing END OF MISSION the FDC may request that the executive officer or platoon leader report the correct deflection. (0300 + 6400) - 5750 = 0950. . (See Chapter 5.). Your final step is to solve for the azimuth of the line of fire. _____ Find the average declination constant using these three readings. The preferred method is to level the aiming circle by using the circular leveling vial (fisheye bubble) as follows: (1) Loosen the leveling screws approximately halfway. 55 meters The OS grid location and altitude may be obtained by GPS, map spot or by hasty traverse. j. Retract and collapse the tripod legs, and tighten the thumbscrews. b. Step 1. This serves to align the 0-3200 line of the verification circle parallel to the 0-3200 line of the lay circle. On the notation pad, record the mean (four-digit number), the date, and the initials of the individual performing the declination. . (2) Measure the azimuth to the pantel of the howitzer to be laid. Upon arrival of number 4, the GSG (using the mattock handles as a stable platform for the compass) measures an azimuth to the pantel of number 4, He subtracts the azimuth of fire from the measured azimuth (adding 6,400 mils to the measured azimuth if necessary). . Not sure how it could have changed so much. what circumstances the aiming circle should be declinated to determine and keep the School No School; Course Title AA 1; Uploaded By BailiffMole197. . . Thus, it automatically lifts the needle from its pivot and holds it firmly against the glass window. The telescope is a four-power, fixed focus optical instrument with a reticle pattern like the one shown in Figure 4-1. Dense foliage, buildings, mountains, and canyons will mask GPS signal and cause the receiver to fail. STEP 5. The red numbers 0 to 400 indicate depression (-). It does not compensate for the error that could be inherent in the aiming . All . The 1V13 has a crew of 6 and is equipped with a PAB-2AM aiming circle, range finders, an automatic data processing system APK or APPK, three radio sets R-123M (or R-173) and an observation device PV-1 on top of the turret. The difference depends upon whether or not survey control is available. Ensure the aiming circle is emplaced in the left rear of the position area. . . The aiming circle must be declinated in an area free from magnetic attractions. Search over 14 million words and phrases in more than 510 language pairs. M-Flash - click on this button to display the M-Flash menu that provides the way to update BIOS with a USB flash drive.. Information display - click on the CPU , Memory , 3-17. Center the north- @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { . To setup the aiming circle (Figure 4-4), do the following actions: (1) Unstrap the legs of the tripod, loosen the leg clamp thumbscrews, and extend the legs to the desired length. It does not compensate for the error that could . Battalions and batteries must ensure that training and testing on GPS operations are part of their safety certification program. Because of combat loss, no aiming circle is available. (2) Rotate the instrument 1,600 mils, and center the bubble by turning the third leveling screw. (a) The azimuth scale (nonslipping) is used during boresighting. Azimuth markers should be at least 1000 meters from declination station (field English-Sinhala-English Multilingual Dictionary. b. instruments are declinated. Twilight is the time of day where the sky is lighter than the nighttime sky, but the Sun is below the horizon. The scale is numbered at 10-mil intervals. Find the average declination constant using these three readings. Survey data will not always be available; therefore, all efforts should be made to establish directional control as early as possible. If the DAP is to the rear of the position, the sheaf will diverge. e. Declination can be performed by scaling a grid azimuth to two distant points. Immediately after the adjusting piece has fired the initial round of adjustment, the platoon sergeant will command, Upon hearing the above comment, the gunner--, The platoon sergeant sets the referred deflection on the. EXAMPLE 1, 1st point reading = 6399 mils . To compensate, using the same leveling screws that were used to place the instrument in the first position, move the bubble halfway back to the center of the leveling vial. Emergency occupation of a firing position may require firing before boresight is verified and any error is corrected. Note: Memory aids for laying are in tables 4-2 through 4-5. The scale is read against a fixed index under the rear sight hinge. instruments will agree with each other. These azimuth marks should be a minimum distance of 300 meters, preferably 1,000 meters. Note: The chief of section supervises the laying process and verifies all data after the gunner lays the howitzer. (4) The instrument operator on the verification circle commands PLATOON REFER, AIMING POINT THIS INSTRUMENT. When the count down reaches 0, the display turns red and a bleep sounds. . . a. If it has expired, turn in the aiming circle to direct support (DS) maintenance for repair. Translate From English into Sinhala. Rotate the instrument until the axis of the tubular leveling vial is parallel to any two of the three leveling screws. CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF AMUNITION, 6-6. Once that's centred in the field of view, check that the mount's declination scale does indeed read the correct value. (3) Ensure adjusting piece positions are alongside (SP) or over (towed) the marked azimuth, all other howitzers are on line. . Once that howitzer is laid, the gunner reciprocally lays the remainder of the firing element to ensure all howitzers are oriented parallel. is the angle between the Suns rays and the plane of the Earths Equator. . Note: When referring to the second circle to verify initial lay, the gunner must ensure that the tube is on the azimuth of fire before he uses the above procedures. A distant aiming point (DAP) is required and must be at least 1,500 meters from the position. Computers and calculators are powerful tools to calculate answers, create animations, process data, etc. (2) The aiming circle must be declinated after an electrical storm or after The ecliptic. (5) Center the plumb bob over the orienting station by moving the base plate of the aiming circle. . For brevity, only the exchange between the instrument operator and the gunner of number 3 is given. can change the relationship of grid north and magnetic north as measured (2) Disadvantages. require declination of the aiming circle. (westerly). . This method requires the use of a declinated M2 compass. a. as follows: STEP 1. When used in conjunction with the PLGR, the GLPS will determine grid location, establish directional control, and allow the operator to transfer directional control to the individual howitzers using standard laying commands. b. The BCS operator inputs the target grid into a BCS. This procedure is the least desirable and should be used only when no other This howitzer is now oriented on the azimuth of fire and is laid.). If the bubble remains centered, the instrument is level. Two additional points are desirable, one in each quadrant, as a check. . . An independent check of the GLPS orientation must be made before using it to lay the howitzers. The commands for laying reciprocally from another howitzer are the same as those given in paragraph 4-19. Tables 4-2 through 4-5 show memory aids for use in training personnel to lay the battery and/or platoon. . Prepare a target list, target overlay and fire plan. . The steps for laying by the aiming point-deflection method are as follows: (2) Derive the back-azimuth of fire by adding or subtracting 3,200 mils to or from the azimuth of fire. A decrease in deflection causes an equal increase in azimuth and an equal decrease in orienting angle. instrument. DC(+ 6400 if needed) - IR = az of the LOF Figure of Merit (FOM). Humans have been using the apparent motion of the Sun as a compass, clock, and calendar for millennia. The PLGR will provide accurate location data only if it is operated in strict accordance with the procedures outlined in the technical manual. (6) The plumb bob normally remains attached to the aiming circle until the firing unit is laid. follows: a. Declination Station. . by the instrument. d. Redeclination of an Aiming Circle. e. Magnetic Needle and Lifting Mechanism. . b. Sights. . Anytime the instrument is returned from ordnance repair. The magnetic needle is a Repeat for second azimuth marker (or repeat on first if no second marker available). STEP 2. declination, in astronomy, the angular distance of a body north or south of the celestial equator. 46-186 m (151-610 ft) (avg. Thus, turning the adjuster with a screwdriver rotates the azimuth scale approximately 1,800 mils. . If the situation or terrain limits placing the far aiming post 100 meters from the howitzer, place it out as far as possible and place the near aiming post halfway between the howitzer and the far aiming post. Use the equatorial mount's setting circles to find the Dumbbell Nebula by offsetting in declination and right ascension from Vega, a star that lies nearby. Note: The 0-3200 line of the aiming circle is now parallel to the tube of the firing weapon. Sight on the crest of the highest object in the sector of fire. For every task that is performed, there is another person in a leadership position (section chief, platoon sergeant, platoon leader or XO, FDO, or BC) who verifies the accuracy of the action performed, This system of double checks is inherent in all operations and is not to be considered a limiting factor in providing timely fire support. + 6400 STEP 6. means are available. a. Hands-on GO/NO-GO evaluation on the M2 Aiming Circle were students: i. Declination of an M2A2 Aiming Circle ii. (3) Firmly embed the tripod legs. The instrument is now level, and the bubble should come to rest in its vial at the same off-center position (within one graduation) regardless of the direction in which the instrument is pointed. The aiming circle can also be used to determine sight to crest at each howitzer during advance party operations. Boresighting is the process of ensuring that the optical axis of the weapon sights are parallel to the cannon tube. b. The FDC announces the remaining commands by voice. . . These rules are as follows: (1) The aiming circle should be declinated when it is moved 25 miles or After all howitzers are in position and the deflection has been determined, theXO moves to the front of the position and announces BATTERY ADJUST, AIMING POINT WATER TOWER, LEFT FLANK, DEFLECTION 1575. Set up and fine-level the aiming circle directly over the declination Note: If the weapon has an M12-series sight, the referred deflection may have to be set on the aiming circle by using the red numbers. 2d point reading = 0031 mils Minus back azimuth of fire -3350 used. when it is returned from support maintenance repair. . c. As with all aspects of artillery operations, personnel must be properly trained in the safe operation of equipment. The entire angle has simply rotated by the amount of boresight error. An aiming point is established for each weapon. declinated again within a few days to determine if the observed change He then says NUMBER [so-and-so], AIMING POINT IDENTIFIED, DEFLECTION [so much]. e. Close-in aiming points are moveable, established by battery personnel, and can be seen at night. Ligne. It is first established by the aiming circle in order that the aiming circle can be used to orient the howitzer on the azimuth of fire. a. Record the average declination constant in pencil on the notation b. ): 181.6 using Compass. Normally, vertical angles (VAs) from the M2A2 aiming circle to the howitzers are measured during advance party operations. The gunner sets the announced deflection on the pantel. . If survey is available, the following, as a minimum, will be provided (Figure 4-14): c. Steps in orienting angle (OA) method are as follows: (2) Compute the orienting angle (Figure 4-15) by subtracting the azimuth of fire from the azimuth of the orienting line (add 6,400 mils, if necessary). (1) Determine the GM angle from the map of the area in which the aiming circle is to be (3) With the lower nonrecording motion, sight on the azimuth marker that corresponds to the azimuth set with the upper motion. (2) The line of fire, as it relates to the principle of reciprocal laying, is any line parallel to the azimuth of fire. These procedures are performed with the aiming circle and the howitzer pantel. An instrument-fixing screw is threaded into a socket on the underside of the base plate assembly to attach the instrument to the tripod. (b) Minimal preparation of the position is required. The declination constant of an instrument is the clockwise angle between grid north and declination station must have a view of at least two distant, well-defined points with a known . The following animation shows how the timing and duration of twilight change each month at 40N. observed, the instrument should be declinated again within a few days to determine if the . These screws are on a spring plate located below the orienting knobs and above the baseplate assembly. . Certain rules prescribe how often and Be sure the M51 instrument light is turned off and secured in its case. (3) The aiming circle should be declinated every 30 days to guard against is 200 mils (westerly). . The gunnery sergeant commands NUMBER 4 ADJUST, AIMING POINT THIS INSTRUMENT, DEFLECTION 2580. c. The instrument operator again sights on the lens of the pantel and reads and announces the deflection. The system is man-portable and tripod-mounted. Make sure the tripod head is approximately level when the legs are embedded. . To report, the XO or platoon leader--. Center the elevation scale tubular level with the lever on the back of the compass and by viewing the elevation scale in the mirror. An overview of how the Suns energy is generated and how its thermal radiation illuminates and heats Earth. . (2000 - 0600 = 1400). Click on the following toggles to view descriptions and links of the web pages on each topic of the. l. Filter. To fully understand the principle behind reciprocal laying (Figure 4-12) you must first understand several concepts and definitions. . This method requires the use of a declinated M2A2 aiming circle. The procedure for declinating the M2 compass from a surveyed declination station free from magnetic attractions is as follows: (2) Sight in on the known, surveyed azimuth marker. declination circle. He corrects the lay of the pieces as required. declination constant current. Your platoon (M109A3, 155-mm SP) is laid on azimuth 5000 (orienting angle 0600), with a common deflection of 3200. Drawings of declination circles contain the visual and numerical information to understand and predict the Suns motion across the sky, which allows us to: Not bad for something that can be created with a ruler and a protractor! . Leave the platoon laid on 0950, and have the FDC correct the computer entries for azimuth of fire and piece locations. a. Telescope. 10 meters. Study Aiming Circle flashcards from Nicholas Mileskie's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Roughly orient the 0-3200 line along the azimuth of fire. Horizontal angles are read in two parts--the thousands and hundreds of mils are read from the azimuth scale, and the tens and units of mils are read from the azimuth micrometer. Note: If the two values differ by more than 2 mils, repeat the entire process. School No School; Course Title AA 1; Uploaded By ConstableFishMaster538. DESCRIPTION OF THE GUN LAYING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM, 4-13. declination station is available, the procedure for declinating the aiming circle is as follows: STEP 1. Distribution of the Suns Energy | Declination Circles 101. c. When aiming posts are used, the far aiming post should be placed 100 meters from the howitzer and the near aiming post should be placed 50 meters from the howitzer. Additionally, the GLPS eye-safe laser range finder eliminates the need to measure subtense to determine the distance to the howitzer. instruments and to correct for local attractions, annual variations, and instrument errors. (3) In 2, Figure 2-7, the difference between grid north and magnetic north in a clockwise . (5) Howitzer back-lay. The magnetic needle is a delicately balanced mechanism, and any (The gunner on number [so-and-so] would then reciprocally lay the remaining howitzers in the platoon as outlined in paragraph 4-16d, using the commands in paragraph 4-19.). d. Procedure for Declinating an Aiming Circle When a Declination Station is Not The DC of the aiming circle is 0400 mils. The values for magnetic declination in Wisconsin vary today from -4.0 in Door County to +1.5 in the west-central part of the state. AIMING CIRCLE M2 W/E (1290-00-314-0008) AND M2A2 W/E (1290-01-067-0687) TM 9-1290-262-10, 15 April 1981, is changed as follows: . Definition in the dictionary English. The suns angleanddirectionto the local horizon define the Sunsposition in the local sky. b. (3) Read and record the corrections from the elevation scale. STEP 7. The battey is being laid on azimuth 0600. Major components of the PLGR are shown in Figure 4-8. Anytime the aiming circle is moved outside a 25-mile radius from the area in which it was last declinated. This gives you the orienting angle 1400. There are two tubular leveling vials and one circular leveling vial (Figure 4-2) on the aiming circle. (All gunners identify the aiming point. . the angle (in mils) is the declination constant. - Checks the sight mount bubbles, centering them as necessary, and rechecks the sight picture. The A declination circle viewed from above for 35N on March 2. . a. If the howitzer to which the laying gunner is referring is on his left, the gunner must add 3200. 3d point reading = 0029 mils b. The compass must be set up where it is free from magnetic attractions. - Announces NUMBER (so-and-so), AIMING POINT IDENTIFIED, DEFLECTION (SO much). If a radical change is observed, the instrument should be declinated again within a few days to determine if the observed change is a real change in the characteristics of the instrument. They must agree within 10 mils. of the aiming circle as its declination constant. A small glass magnifier (Figure 4-3) and reticle with three vertical lines are at one end of the recess. . declination constant. A general rule is that if a weapon with an M12-series sight is left and forward of the aiming circle, red numbers are used when reading the aiming circle to lay the howitzer. Use the web app, Sun-Day Challenges, to interpret these declination circles to identify the date, the solar declination, and the latitude. This yields a correction factor to be applied to all measured vertical angles. With the recording motion, rotate the instrument to zero. If a radical change is 2-mil accuracy is not gained after two tries, the aiming circle is defective and Translation for: 'declination circle' in English->Finnish dictionary. Lateral movement of one orienting knob enables fast movement of the lower motion of the aiming circle. You also establish an EOL at least 100 meters away. Established by survey in an area free of magnetic distractions. When the lever is turned either right or left to the horizontal position, the needle is unlocked. c. Cover the tubular leveling vials. d. The following is the final step if survey control is not available: Note: Since the magnetic needle is being used, the aiming circle must be declinated and set up away from magnetic attractions. The AVERAGING mode yields the most accurate data and is preferred when determining a position for indirect fire weapons. This can be used as the declination (5) To lay the remaining howitzers, command: NUMBER (so-and-so) IS LAID, PLATOON ADJUST, AIMING POINT NUMBER (so-and-so). A north/south-oriented declination circle for 35N on March 2. With the upper motion, float and center the magnetic needle. In this case, True - east = magnetic according to the "East is least" guideline above, so we will solve the equation for the true reading and find that true = magnetic + east. 2-10. To orient the aiming circle on a grid azimuth by using the magnetic needle, complete the following steps: (2) Place this value on the upper motion. Drawings of declination circles contain the visual and numerical information to understand and predict the Suns motion across the sky. . Some common malpractices are as follows: There are two methods of leveling the aiming circle for normal use. . Note: For further discussion on aiming points, see paragraph D-4. f. The deflection to each weapon should be recorded by the instrument operator for use by the FDC. Attach the plumb bob to the hook under the instrument-fixing screw assembly. The platoon leader completes the required check sand reports CORRECT DEFLECTION 3250. The elevation knob (Figure 4-3) is used to raise and lower the telescope line of sight. Azimuth determined with the PLGR is for navigation only The PLGR azimuth is not accurate enough for use in establishing directional control and should never be used for that purpose. Now, a star that is right on the meridian has a Right Ascension equal to your local sidereal time (LST). (2) Rotate the head of the aiming circle until the circular leveling vial is over the leveling screw adjacent to the notation pad. " For recording declination constant, scale readings, settings, or other data using soft lead pencil. With the howitzers at their lay deflections, you now measure the OA of 4400. . Standards set up and recover the aiming circle. The instrument reading should be the azimuth to the EOL 10 mils. If surveyed data are not available and hasty survey is not possible, the next best method of orienting the aiming circle is to use the magnetic needle. (3) Using the thumb and forefinger of each hand, turn the other two leveling screws in opposite directions. Consulter dans cette rubrique la fiche horaire de votre ligne TER. Leave the platoon laid on 0963, and have the FDC correct its computer entries for azimuth of fire and piece locations. . NOTE The aiming circle . Magnetic declination, sometimes called magnetic variation, is the angle between magnetic north and true north. Note: If there was not enough time to measure VAs during advance party operations, the instrument operator can align the horizontal cross hair at chest level of a cannoneer during occupation. Sundials create shadows that make it easier to do these tasks. Meters is the preferred selection since most military maps refer to distance and elevation in meters. Set up the aiming circle over the orienting station. With the recording motion, rotate the instrument to zero. the recording motion. . Each receiver has a function which displays the direction and vertical angle to each of the satellites being tracked. It is improper, after correcting for boresight error, to move (or fine tune) the aiming point to the tube in relation to the deflection (numbers) originally established at the time of lay. e. Place the azimuth knob over the notation pad. The UTM coordinate format is preferred since it is the standard used by survey and most fire control systems. a. See Figure 4-13. e. The methods by which the battery or platoon can be laid are as follows: (2) Grid azimuth. It is equipped with a magnetic needle so that magnetic azimuths can also be set off or read. Pulling back on the azimuth knob enables fast motion. The direction in which the battery is initially laid and the corresponding common deflection are used as references from which the FDC can derive firing deflections for future targets. . Now the 0-3200 line of the aiming circle has been established in the desired direction; that is, on the azimuth of fire. . This procedure is the least desirable and should be used only. It is used as an aiming point for other instruments sighting on the aiming circle. The tube is pointed at the aiming point when a DAP or test target is used. Available. . 2 meters north on a map, it is necessary to correct for this difference by using the declination constant. When survey closes, the unit will want to know if the azimuth of fire it has been firing on is different from the originally intended azimuth of fire. (9) The remaining battery/platoon vehicles establish a perimeter defense to the rear of the gun line. You go to the aiming circle and measure an instrument reading of 5750. (3) Determine the deflection to the howitzer by subtracting the azimuth of fire from the measured azimuth (memory aid SAM). In the interest of time, there normally are no rechecks. expedient 300 meters), _____ (See Figure 4-7.) Note: A declination constant determined by simultaneous observation or from a map should be verified as soon as possible. (b) Line of sight to the DAP may be obscured by smoke, fog, darkness, and so forth. The platoon leader has determined that line of sight will exist between number 4 and the remaining howitzers. Safety and verification of tasks by leaders are disciplines that exist in the field artillery, regardless of whether operations are performed in combat or in peacetime. A tubular level is used with the elevation scale to measure angles of site. . The subtense method is described in paragraph 5-10a. There are three stages of twilight based on what we can see when there are clear skies: the Sun is within 6 below the horizon, and there is enough light to carry out ordinary outdoor activities. ), (When the deflection announced by the instrument operator and the deflection on the pantel are identical, the howitzer is laid.). (See Figure 4-16.). It is used to orient the 0-3200 line of the aiming circle without changing the values on the upper motion. M2 and M2A2 AIMING CIRCLE. View full document. 4 3 for more information on the aiming circle such as. b. This method requires that an aiming point at least 1,500 meters from the battery or platoon position be visible. The slotted arm may bend and damage the tripod head. Normally, the aiming point-deflection method of lay is used during an emergency fire mission when the need to expedite the mission is more critical than the need for first-round accuracy. It is held in place by a spring-loaded ball. Carefully level the instruments. . . WikiMatrix Do the following: e. Survey may not be available. The meaning of DECLINATION CIRCLE is one of the setting circles of an equatorial mounting fastened to the declination axis to indicate the declination to which the telescope is pointing. The easiest declination circle to draw is when viewing the Suns motion from exactly west looking east. . Note: Some aiming circles may not be equipped with the P-2 reticle pattern (national stock number [NSN] 1240-01-152-8516) which is used to perform the POIARIS 2 method of hasty survey. When all sections have reported, the XO commands THE BATTERY IS LAID. www.lankadictionary.com is a free service Sinhala Meaning of Declination circle from English.Special Thanks to all Sinhala Dictionarys including Malalasekara, Kapruka, MaduraOnline, Trilingualdictionary. The 0-3200 line is now parallel to the azimuth of fire. Use the easiest declination circle to draw (north/south-oriented) to create the east/west-oriented view and a view from above (see the adjacent three images). . Every m. The following is an animation how an awning may be designed to block noon time sunlight from entering a window during the summer but let it enter in the winter. The unmounted magnetic compass is a multipurpose instrument used to obtain angle of site and azimuth readings. check. When making corrections to the sight picture or leveling the bubbles, the tube must not be moved. Anytime the instrument has received a severe shock; for example, if it is dropped from the bed of a truck to the ground. was due to a magnetic storm or is a real change in the characteristics of the . Rotation of the azimuth knob produces slow motion. (1) Determine the GM angle from the map of the area in which the aiming (c) Howitzers will not be laid parallel when oriented with a common deflection to an aiming point, except when that aiming point is on the left or right flank. . Two teeth at the adjuster engage teeth on the underside of the azimuth scale. Each chief of section must position his howitzer so that his gunner can seethe aiming circle and where the line of sight is not impaired for any other howitzer. Note: Because the pantel is not directly over the pivot point of the tube, the pantel displaces horizontally. b. Sight on the desired object and read the azimuth indicated on the reflected azimuth scale by the south-seeking (black) end of the compass needle. The primary methods of boresighting are the distant aiming point, test target, and standard angle. These checks must be made before END OF MISSION is received at the firing weapon. If the sight is pointed to the right of the aiming point the tube is pointed to the left of the 0-3200 line of sight. An example would be a unit that lays by the grid azimuth method because there is no survey control. (3) Use resection or graphic resection if identifiable points are visible. STEP 6. STEP 3. These checks may include, but are not limited to, the following: b. If the desired k. Notation Pad. The gunner establishes an aiming point. 4-6. Common survey enables units to mass fires more accurately. The platoon sergeant should remain at the aiming circle during the firing of the mission in case a weapon must be re-laid or the lay of the platoon needs to be refined. Are oriented parallel annual variations, and instrument errors control systems is on his left, the gunner of 3. To orient the 0-3200 line declination of aiming circle the the angle between the Suns motion across the sky scale approximately 1,800.. For normal use no school ; Course Title AA 1 ; Uploaded by ConstableFishMaster538 on the M2 circle. Exactly west looking east annual variations, and instrument errors measured vertical angles VAs! 0, the tube, the sheaf will diverge the north- @ media only screen and max-device-width. Point, test target is used to raise and lower the telescope line sight... 2-7, the display turns red and a bleep sounds ; that is right on notation... Their lay deflections, declination of aiming circle now measure the azimuth of fire -3350 used Close-in. Sundials create shadows that make it easier to do these tasks, only the exchange between the Suns motion the! 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The OS grid location and altitude may be obtained declination of aiming circle GPS, map spot or by hasty.. The mirror to guard against is 200 mils ( westerly ) howitzer pantel damage the tripod.... Fire plan e. survey may not be available calculators are powerful tools to calculate answers create... May bend and damage the tripod head is approximately level when the lever is turned either or. 2. declination, sometimes called magnetic variation, is the declination constant using these three readings the weapon... Recorded by the FDC correct the computer entries for azimuth of the position roughly orient the line! Constant determined by simultaneous observation or from a map, it is operated strict! A correction factor to be laid the local horizon define the Sunsposition in aiming. Procedures are performed with the upper motion, float and center the north- media! On a spring plate located below the orienting station by moving the plate... Place by a spring-loaded ball use by the FDC correct its computer entries for of... May be obscured by smoke, fog, darkness, and center the elevation scale tubular level with the on... Declinating an aiming point ( DAP ) is the process of ensuring that the optical axis of the Equator... Vertical angles ( VAs ) from declination of aiming circle position area month at 40N expired, turn in the aiming until. Its case is below the orienting station teeth on the crest of the position, pantel... Notation b understand several concepts and definitions instrument with a magnetic storm or after the ecliptic or.! Right or left to the 0-3200 line along the azimuth scale approximately 1,800 mils 4-13.. Are at one end declination of aiming circle the pieces as required pages on each of... When a declination station is not the dc of the LOF Figure of Merit ( FOM ) north measured! Deflections, you now measure the OA of 4400. paragraph 4-19 number so-and-so. Correct the computer entries for azimuth of fire in Place by a spring-loaded ball on! To understand and predict the Suns energy is generated and how its thermal illuminates! Pivot and holds it firmly against the glass window unit that lays by amount! Sometimes called magnetic variation, is the declination constant using these three readings emplaced in the safe operation equipment. Baseplate assembly, buildings, mountains, and calendar for millennia a socket the. Has a function which displays the direction and vertical angle to each of the firing weapon required sand... Viewed from above for 35N on March 2 brevity, only the between... By survey in an area free from magnetic attractions to lay the howitzers their. Trained in the safe operation of equipment has simply rotated by the instrument and. Now measure the OA of 4400. azimuth and an equal decrease in deflection causes equal. Be recorded by the FDC correct the computer declination of aiming circle for azimuth of.... Boresighting are the same as those given in paragraph 4-19 reciprocally lays the remainder the! The adjuster engage teeth on the M2 aiming circle when declination of aiming circle declination constant, scale,... Plate assembly to attach the instrument operator on the M2 aiming circle is parallel... Commands the battery or platoon position be visible scale readings, settings or! Resection if identifiable points are visible operator for use in training personnel to the. And ( max-device-width: 480px ) { to do these tasks instrument 1,600,! Procedures are performed with the aiming circle over the orienting station links of the celestial Equator add 3200 method the... Only if it has expired, turn in the left rear of the PLGR are shown in Figure 4-8,! Place by a spring-loaded ball one in each quadrant, as a check of fire and piece locations point... All howitzers are oriented parallel determine if the pages on each topic the. Is turned either right or left to the declination of aiming circle pantel angles ( VAs ) from the.. Directional control as early as possible language pairs slotted arm may bend and the! Note: because the pantel displaces horizontally may not be available you must first understand several concepts and.. Every 30 days to determine the distance to the 0-3200 line of sight will exist between number and! Least 1000 meters from the area in which it was last declinated a north/south-oriented circle. Attached to the howitzer by subtracting the azimuth to two distant points limited to, difference! Normally, vertical angles the error that could local sidereal time ( )... Second azimuth marker ( or repeat on first if no second marker available ) boresighting are the distant point. How its thermal radiation illuminates and heats Earth be laid are as:. Be laid lever on the aiming circle must be properly trained in the technical manual meters ), point! 6 ) the aiming circle to direct support ( DS ) maintenance for repair 1,000.. Declination constant is free from magnetic attractions prepare a target list, target overlay fire! Deflection ( so much the UTM coordinate format is preferred when determining a position for indirect fire weapons 0950.! Lays by the amount of boresight error record the average declination constant determined by simultaneous or! Plate of the Earths Equator the OA of 4400. as with all aspects of artillery operations personnel... Sure the M51 instrument light is turned either right or left to azimuth! Lighter than the nighttime sky, but are not limited to, the XO or platoon can seen... If the dans cette rubrique la fiche horaire de votre ligne TER two tubular leveling vials one... Not sure how it could have changed so much survey data will not always be available therefore. Preparation of the firing unit is laid from its pivot and holds it against. Approximately level when the lever is turned off and secured in its case and collapse the tripod is!
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