Makeshift devices, such as but not limited to boxes and barrels, shall not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the working level height of employees. 1926.755 (a) (2) Each column anchor rod (anchor bolt) assembly, including the column-to-base plate weld and the column foundation, shall be designed to resist a minimum eccentric gravity load of 300 pounds . Per 1926.451 (g) (1), each employee on a scaffold more than 10-feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level (also note American National Safety Institute A10.8-2019 ). Scaffolds 4 levels or less in height. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The scaffold was constructed on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled. General access scaffolds provide a means of working at height while preventing falls and should be provided whenever practicable. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. Where the employer makes the demonstration provided for in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, the platform shall be planked or decked as fully as possible and the remaining open space between the platform and the uprights shall not exceed 9 1/2 inches (24.1 cm). When midrails are used, they shall be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. He fell approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock. Each employee performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold shall be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold (except at the side next to the wall being laid) by the use of a personal fall arrest system or guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity). Many injuries can be prevented by following essential scaffolding safety precautions dictated by the OSHA scaffolding regulations. [, Guys, ties, and braces must be installed according to the scaffold manufacturer's recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height ratio and be repeated every 20 vertical feet for narrow scaffolds (3 feet or less in width), and every 26 vertical feet for scaffolds greater than 3 feet in width. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. Instruction on the Risks of Diagonal Braces Used for Protection. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. 18 complete drywall Baker scaffold tower set. Tip: A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. 3691K. Suitable precautions must be taken to prevent falls. The base plate, also known as the base plate, are located between the scaffold parts, which can be adjusted vertically. Stairrails shall be not less than 28 inches (71 cm) nor more than 37 inches (94 cm) from the upper surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451: Scaffold - General Requirements OSHA 29 CFR 1910.28 . (, Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, etc., must be able to withstand a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the midrail or other member. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. Construction. OSHA eTool. In addition, be aware that ladders are also require on scaffolding. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)], Scaffolds may not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 29 CFR 1926.452(w) are followed. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. Scaffold collapse Planks must be laid properly and have the required six- to 12-inch overhang and overlap. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. Direct access to or from another surface shall be used only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surface. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. 2. See Figure D-1 for information related to ladders are not placed on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain additional height. Here are some common scaffold types and their corresponding anchoring requirements: Supported scaffolds: Must be securely fastened to a building or other structure. Build a rest platform for every 10 m (30 ft) in height beside the ladder. These Metaltech Base Plates for Baker Interior Fixed Scaffolds are designed for installing a fixed scaffold structure on a level flat surface. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. Note: A 1 1/8-inch by 10-inch by 10-inch piece of exterior grade plywood may be used in lieu of the wooden base mentioned above. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. Free Access | Online Safety Training | OSHA Training | OSHAcademy The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. This risk can be removed through proper clearance and maintenance. [, As frames are stacked, cross braces must be of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Note to paragraph (g)(1): The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces are set forth in subpart M of this part. Toeboards shall be securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform and have not more than 1/4 inch (0.7 cm) clearance above the walking/working surface. In addition, all scaffolds should be able to support their weight and the weight of the materials and equipment placed on them. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). OSHA requires that a qualified person design all scaffolds to support four times their maximum intended load. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. [, Ramps and walkways 6 feet or more above lower levels must have guardrails that comply with, No ramp or walkway shall incline more than 1:3 (1 vertical to horizontal, or 20 degrees above the horizontal). Counterweights shall be made of non-flowable material. Working on or around scaffolding can be dangerous if the proper safety precautions arent taken. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section, each scaffold platform and walkway shall be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide. OSHA requires the mid rail to be 21 and 27 inches above the working platform. [. OSHA standard 1926.453 (b) (2) (v) requires workers to wear a body belt, with a lanyard attached to the boom or basket, when working from an aerial lift, including a scaffold. Specific requirements are described below. [29 CFR 1926.451 (a) (1)] Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. What are the main components to scaffold footing? A 28-year old carpenter and a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted. In this case cleats were installed . [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. OSHA also requires that employees access a ladder or stairway to get on and off the scaffold. Fortunately, DATAMYTE has a solution for that in its Digital Clipboard. They are frequently used in one or two tiers by residential contractors, painters, etc., but their modular frames can also be stacked several stories high for use on large-scale construction jobs. . When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. (Figure 6) [, Hook-on and attachable ladders must be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold on which they are used. x 12 . Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. Handrails, and toprails that are used as handrails, shall be at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) from other objects. An employee was on a scaffold that was being dismantled when the scaffold collapsed. OSHA further states that scaffolds more than 125 feet in height above the base must be . Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Made this 8th day of September 2011. Swaged attachments or spliced eyes on wire suspension ropes shall not be used unless they are made by the wire rope manufacturer or a qualified person. No one ever leaves the "safety zone" on adjustable scaffolding. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. Use of fall protection above 10 feet. As a final consideration, know that climbing the scaffolding . He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. 1926.454 - Training Requirements. When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. The first step is to confirm that whether construction adheres to the requirements of the design of the project. Mobile scaffolds: Must be securely fastened to the ground or another structure. [, Uniform riser height, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Base Plate: A device used to distribute vertical load. OSHA eTool. Located right next to Chinas fifth largest lakeLake Taihu near by Shanghai, East Grace Remember, the higher the scaffolding goes the more pronounced any tilt becomes. Where swinging loads are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might contact the scaffold, tag lines or equivalent measures to control the loads shall be used. In addition, OSHA requires that all scaffolds be guyed, tied, or braced if they are more than 20 feet tall. The level and plumb scaffold. [, Have uniform spacing between rungs of a maximum 16 inches. Tip: Separation of frames can occur in high winds (uplift), or when workers climb endframes, overload the platform, or strike the scaffold with tools, materials, etc. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue shall not be used as working platforms. According to OSHA, the scaffold platforms should be resting on firm and level footing. 1910.23, Ladders. Wood platforms shall not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be covered or marked for identification. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. Horizontal lifelines shall not be attached only to the suspension ropes. Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. The Scaffolding Base Plate, made from 3mm mild steel and used at the very base of the scaffold structure to ensure a secure and even placement of scaffold tube. [, Stair rails and handrails surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing. The stall load of any scaffold hoist shall not exceed 3 times its rated load. A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. GFCIs (ground-fault circuit interrupters), Or an AEGCP (assured equipment grounding conductor program, in accordance with, Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person, and be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design (Figure 19). Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds shall be enclosed. BS 4592 Metal Flooring Walkway & Stair Treads British Standard Requirement Down Load. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold connections shall be designed by an engineer experienced in such scaffold design. Handrails, and toprails that serve as handrails, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling. Scaffold safety rules. Access requirements for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds are specifically addressed in paragraph (e)(9) of this section. In 2020, fall protection was the top cited OSHA violation, and scaffolding was the third-highest number of violations. Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. A mud sill is a device that further extends the point load of the base plates. At least three and one-half inches (9 cm) high from the top edge of the toeboard to the level of the walking/working surface. As a standard, OSHA recommends that the crosspoint of cross bracing used as a top rail should be between 38 and 48 inches above the working platform. Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be intermixed unless the components fit together without force and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained by the user. [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. Front edge of platforms The front edge of the scaffold platform can't be more than 14 inches from the face of a structure unless guardrails or personal fall-arrest systems are used to keep workers When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes shall be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or the rope end shall be configured or provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. The size of this conductor shall be at least the size of the welding process work lead, and this conductor shall not be in series with the welding process or the work piece; If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine shall be shut off; and. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35 foot vertical intervals. Make sure all platforms above 2.4 metres (8 feet) are fully decked or at the height required by your jurisdiction. [, Steps and rungs of ladders and stairway-type ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. . [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. Workers should also be able to get on and off the scaffold platform easily without jumping or climbing. We carry only the highest quality products, all of which meet or exceed ANSI/SAIA A11.1 and OSHA safety requirements. On top of the mud sill is a base plate, which is a 6-inch square steel footing . Anchor rods (anchor bolts) shall not be repaired, replaced or field-modified without the approval of the project structural engineer of record. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. Integral prefabricated scaffold access frames shall: Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs; Have a rung length of at least 8 inches (20 cm); Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 1/2 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses fall protection, or a positioning device, which complies with 1926.502; Be uniformly spaced within each frame section; Be provided with rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high; and. Therefore, an inspection of a scaffold platform requires safety checks of both the platform structure and how the platform is used by the workers. Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along its top edge of at least 100 pounds (445 n) for guardrail systems installed on single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds (890 n) for guardrail systems installed on all other scaffolds. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Even with a base plate or screw jack, it also needs a wooden mud sill if it's going to be setting on dirt, gravel, grass etc. This paragraph applies to scaffold access for all employees. Horizontal members are parallel, level, and not more than 22 vertical inches apart. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Non-uniform rung spacing caused by joining end frames together is allowed, provided the resulting spacing does not exceed 16 3/4 inches (43 cm).
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