The following information was supplied regarding the deposition of DNA sequences: The sequencing data is available at NCBI: PRJNA798051; SAMN25041459 (pSH4 sequence) and SAMN25041460 (pSH12 sequence). The bacterium's susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, its enzymatic properties, and its adhesion ability to fish cell lines were also tested. However, in organ-specific infections, for example, lung infections are linked to exposure to marine water in near-drowning or head submerging during recreational seawater activities[4]. Two sets of blood cultures (each with aerobic and anaerobic bottles) were taken throughout the hospital stay on HDs 4, 7 and 12. [Opportunistic infections caused by Shewanella, new emergent bacteria]. Kechin A, Boyarskikh U, Kel A, Filipenko M. CutPrimers: a new tool for accurate cutting of primers from reads of targeted next generation sequencing. An upper extremity venous doppler showed thrombosis of the right radial vein. 2 although apparently abundant in the environment, human Shewanella putrefaciens (formerly Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Alteromonas putrefaciens, or CDC group Ib) is widely distributed in the environment and has infrequently been implicated as a cause of human disease. 1997 Jun;63(6):2189-99. doi: 10.1128/aem.63.6.2189-2199.1997. Pedro Seoane performed the experiments, analyzed the data, authored or reviewed drafts of the article, and approved the final draft. Once complete consensus sequences were obtained for each plasmid, sequences were searched for on the PLSDB web server (Galata et al., 2019), a resource containing numerous plasmid records collected from the NCBI nucleotide database. 1F) to make possible the next step. Since only 1% to 29% of plasmid sequences are usually found in bacterial databases (Maguire et al., 2020), especially in the genus Shewanella, their characterization is of interest. Langmead B, Salzberg Steven L. Fast Gapped-Read Alignment with Bowtie 2. The patient had a timely diagnosis with excellent recovery following a culture-directed antibiotic therapy and was advised strictly against any future exposure to marine waters. encompass a group of saprophytic Gram-negative oxidative bacilli generally present in warm climates as part of marine microflora.1 Other possible sources include aquatic reservoirs, oil and gas reserves, as well as soil, snake bites, fish, poultry, dairy and beef products.2 Although apparently abundant in the environment, human infection with these pathogens is relatively rare. Shewanella putrefaciens (former names: Pseudomonas putrefaciens and Alteromonas putrefaciens), a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, psychrotrophic rod, is known for producing putrid odor. On HD 7, a venogram of right upper extremity showed resolution of the venous thrombosis. Quality trimming steps (A) performed with the BBDuk software leading to capture read set are indicated by the letters (B), and those leading to assembly read set by the letters (C). The following information was supplied regarding data availability: The data is available at Zenodo (oliviaastencio. It also emphasizes that people with underlying skin diseases are more susceptible to infections and hence all possible efforts should be made to avoid having any skin breach to prevent portal of entry to opportunistic organisms. Therefore, local microbiologist advice should be sought and followed. Finally, selected isolates were used in challenge experiments in common carp and rainbow trout. By joining Cureus, you agree to our The same results were obtained when other growth conditions were used (Table S1). This rare case of monomicrobial infective endocarditis by S. putrefaciens in an immunocompetent host adds to the current literature of the increased numbers of human infection associated with the organism and highlights the pathogenic role of Shewanella spp. aWest Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA, bDepartment of Medicine, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Beckley, WV, USA. The genetic mobility of. Enhancement of gaseous o-xylene degradation in a microbial fuel cell by adding Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. At the same time, probiotics should show absence of virulence factors and multidrug resistance, as undesirable pathogenic traits may appear due to different factors, such as intensive mixed breeding (Marcos-Lpez et al., 2010), mutation and recombination via horizontal gene transfer (Wijegoonawardane et al., 2009), among others. When identified in human isolates, it usually presents as a mixed bacterial flora.2 Of the Shewanella spp., human clinical infections are caused by Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, the greater share of which being the more pathogenic S. algae, possibly due to its ability to carry out beta-hemolytic type reactions and exotoxin production.2 The most common clinical manifestations are skin and soft tissue infection, bacteremia and otitis.3, 4 Zhou Y, Ng I-S. 2019 May;42(5):677-684. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12971. Our case report reiterates the fact that careful attention should be devoted to unusual circumstances in history and atypical pathogens on cultures if there is no or minimal clinical improvement after antibiotics. On hospital day (HD) 2, the patient started having intermittent fever (every 48h) up to 103.5F with shaking chills. The range of ORF colours on the map reveals differences according to the analysis of the putative translation products and their respective functions. Electrochemical Measurement of Electron Transfer Kinetics by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1*, Current Production and Metal Oxide Reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Wild Type and Mutants, Low-Temperature Growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Initial Phases of Biofilm Formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, Dissimilatory Fe(III) Oxide Reduction by Shewanella alga BrY Requires Adhesion. The implication of these plasmids in the probiotic or pathogenic nature of S. putrefaciens is discussed. Similarly, the proteins encoded by ORF7 of pSH4 and ORF6 of pSH12 showed analogy with the Type II toxin-antitoxin system PemK/MazF family toxin from Avibacterium paragallinarum, presenting DNA as ligand and functions of cell growth inhibitor by cleaving mRNA with high sequence-specificity as part of the bacterial stress response, and as toxic component for plasmid maintenance (Table 2). Vogel BF, Jrgensen K, Christensen H, Olsen JE, Gram L. Appl Environ Microbiol. Compared to S. algae, S. putrefaciens is nonhemolytic on sheep blood agar, unable to grow at 42C or on high salt media (6.5%), but able to produce acid from arabinose, maltose, and sucrose.2 Automated identification systems have been reported as not being able to distinguish S. algae from S. putrefaciens reliably, as S. algae has not been updated in the databases.1 Khashe and Janda2 tested five strains of S. algae and five strains of S. putrefaciens on different bacterial identification systems that included API 20E, API NFT, RapID NF Plus and the automated VITEK system. Only two ORFs with a high percentage of identity to known plasmid proteins were identified, while the rest of the ORFs belonged to hypothetical or unknown proteins. The lethal doses (LD50) of strains SH4 and SH12 were 2.4 106 and 2.8 106, respectively, in addition to obvious differences in metabolic characteristics between these two strains (Esteve, Merchn & Alcaide, 2017). Two saprophytic isolates (SdM1 and SdM2) of S. putrefaciens were obtained from environmental sources (Seoane et al., 2019) and one probiotic strain, S. putrefaciens Pdp11 CECT 7627, was isolated from the skin of healthy Sparus aurata L. (Daz-Rosales et al. An articles SIQ will appear alongside the article after being rated twice and is recalculated with each additional rating. Therefore, plasmid characterization could help to discern whether a microorganism is pathogenic or beneficial (Santos et al., 2020). MIRA: an automated genome and EST assembler. Introduction: Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Please note that by doing so you agree to be added to our monthly email newsletter distribution list. In addition, the repB proteins of both plasmids also were closely related to the repB protein of Pseudoalteromonas sp, Thiomicrospira sp. Nat Rev Microbiol. Comparative genome analysis reveals key genetic factors associated with probiotic property in. Two of these, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. As in our reported case, the patients underlying psoriasis paved the path for Shewanella infection, and hence patient education is vital to prevent such future events. Two weeks prior to admission the patient presented with a burn at the medial region of his right thigh, which was evaluated by his primary care physician and topical antibiotics were prescribed. The genomic group II was phylogenetically, genotypically and phenotypically distant enough from the species type strain to be classified as a single species within the genus Shewanella. White blood cell counts were within normal limits. Untergasser A, Cutcutache I, Koressaar T, Ye J, Faircloth BC, Remm M, Rozen SG. He had also been complaining of shaking chills for several days prior to admission. Lobo C, Tapia-Paniagua S, Moreno-Ventas X, Javier Alarcn F, Rodrguez C, Balebona MC, Moriigo MA, de La Banda IG. On arrival to the ED, his vitals were as follows: blood pressure of 145/80 mmHg, pulse rate of 140 beats/minute, temperature of 39, respiratory rateof 22 breaths/minute, and his blood sugar by finger stick was undetectable (due to high values). He was admitted to the hospital and started on anticoagulation therapy with heparin. Adhesion to sole. Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, Dvorkin M, Kulikov AS, Lesin VM, Nikolenko SI, Pham S, Prjibelski AD, Pyshkin AV, Sirotkin AV, Vyahhi N, Tesler G, Alekseyev MA, Pevzner PA. SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. The PCR program was: (1) 94 C 3 min, (2) 94 C 30 s, (3) 50 C 30 s, (4) 72 C 1 min/kb. E. coli V157 strain, used as a positive control, showed all seven plasmids previously described in the literature (Macrina et al., 1978). See this image and copyright information in PMC. Pesaro M, Widmer F, Nicollier G, Zeyer J. Shewanella putrefaciens is also well known for its use in biotechnology. Automatic annotation of bacterial community sequences and application to infections diagnostic. Shewanella spp. 1a).Using Shewanella putrefaciens (Gram-negative bacteria) as the model electrogenic bacteria, the Con A/AuNPs/CC anode can possess fast bacteria inoculation, high bacterial loading capacity . Herein, concanavalin A (Con A) was immobilized on Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) decorated carbon cloth (CC) electrode, and the as-prepared Con A/AuNPs/CC was employed as the anode for bacteria inoculation (Fig. Note: Freight charges for Risk Group 2 microorganisms will apply. Differentiation of Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella alga on the basis of whole-cell protein profiles, ribotyping, phenotypic characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A type II TA system typically consists of two genes located in an operon encoding a stable toxin that disrupts essential cellular processes and a labile antitoxin that forms a tight protein complex with the cognate toxin to neutralize its activity (Yao et al., 2018). For each of the identified ORFs, their amino acid sequence was obtained and queried in blastp (NCBI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), to obtain clues about the ORF functions (Altschul et al., 1990; Gish & States, 1993). Plain CT of the head (non-contrast) was performed, which did not show any intracranial cause of acute delirium. S. putrefaciens. Peer review concluded: August 03, 2020 The persistent fever, the presence of systolic murmur, and thrombo-embolic phenomenon involving the radial artery led to investigation of possible endocarditis with transesophageal echocardiography revealing a 1.6cm1.0cm vegetation in the posterior mitral valve leaflet with hypoechoic areas suggestive of valvular abscess. There are approximately 30 Shewanella strains; however, infections in humans are mainly caused by S. algae and S. putrefaciens[1]. Langmead B. S2), differing only by an additional 43 pb region in pSH4 as explained above. 2014;171:112. (August 13, 2020) An Interesting Case of Cellulitis Caused by Shewanella. Adhesion ability of S. putrefaciens group to different fish cell lines The average, Congestion of internal organs in common carp, Exophthalmia, lesions on gill cover (A) and pale liver (B) in rainbow trout, MeSH 3B). Plasmids were assembled de novo using a workflow integrating Sanger and Illumina reads (Chevreux, 2005; Bankevich et al., 2012). 33B (Werbowy, Cieliski & Kur, 2009), plasmid pSMX33 of Shewanella xiamenensis BC01 (Zhou & Ng, 2016) or plasmid pSheB, of Shewanella sp. Identification of protein coding regions by database similarity search. 3) because the Capture read set sequence did not sufficiently capture the Illumina sequences in pSH4 (Fig. Primer3-new capabilities and interfaces. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49:189-191. His antibiotics were changed from flucloxacillin to tazobactam-piperacillin 4.5 gm (in renal dose) according to blood culture sensitivity testing and had a remarkable improvement in clinical status and infection markers. The purpose of the study was to characterise isolates of the S. putrefaciens group with special emphasis on elucidating serological diversity and determining putative virulence factors. 3. The Phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis. CABI Publishing; Wallingford: 2014. pp. encompass a group of saprophytic gram-negative oxidative bacilli generally present in warm climates as part of marine microflora. Shewanella are Gram negative bacilli associated with marine environments and have . HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The plasmid sequences of each strain, they were aligned by the Clustal method (Sievers & Higgins, 2014) of the Seaview program (Galtier, Gouy & Gautier, 1996) (Fig. However, Shewanella putrefaciens has been associated with diseases in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (Padzior, 2016), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Padzior, Pkala-Safiska & Wasyl, 2019) and eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) (Esteve, Merchn & Alcaide, 2017). Anything above 5 should be considered above average. Homologous genetic recombination in the yellow head complex of nidoviruses infecting. In terms of resistance, it showed a propensity toward carbapenems[9]. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) was performed using the TempliPhi 100 amplification kit (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) for each isolated plasmid following the manufacturers instructions. Cutaneous infections are among the most common manifestation with underlying skin diseases and immune-compromised states; however, bacteremia from lungs, abdominal, and biliary sepsis has also been reported. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features 168176. Shewanella putrefaciens are proteolytic, which is undesired in milk. Explored a cryptic plasmid PSXM33 from. FOIA Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies You may switch to Article in classic view. Maguire F, Jia B, Gray KL, Lau WYV, Beiko RG, Brinkman FSL. The genus Shewanella encompasses a diverse group of Gram negative, primarily aquatic bacteria with a remarkable ecological relevance, an outstanding set of metabolic features and an emergent clinical importance. Freight and handling charges will be added. The presence of plasmids in the Shewanella group is often associated with resistance traits, as is the case for plasmid pSFKW33 of Shewanella sp. Cordero H, Guardiola FA, Tapia-Paniagua ST, Cuesta A, Meseguer J, Balebona MC, Moriigo MA, Esteban MA. These percentage values support the idea that SH4 and SH12 are different strains belonging to the same species. Parent taxon: Shewanella MacDonell and Colwell 1986 Assigned by: Ziemke F, Hofle MG, Lalucat J, Rossello-Mora R. Reclassification of Shewanella putrefaciens Owen's genomic group II as Shewanella baltica sp.
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