Review several of the studies cited in this chapter that are related to the IT and project management job markets and required skills for these markets. Because the EMV is positive for both Projects 1 and 2, Cliffs firm would expect a positive outcome from each and could bid on both projects. Figure 11-5. It involves identifying and controlling the functional and physical design characteristics of products and their support documentation. Percentage of time spent on each process group Source: Andy Crowe What Went Wrong? Executive sponsorship is the most important factor, followed by emotional maturity of the organization. Startup Box, founded by husband and wife team Majora Carter and James Chase, is initially focusing on quality assurance testing for games and apps like Game Chaser. Big data 9. Scrum framework The cycle repeats until enough items in the product backlog have been completed, the budget is depleted, or a deadline arrives. Implementing risk responses, just as it sounds, involves implementing the risk response plans. There are many template files available for Microsoft Project and other project management software. Use search phrases like IT contract or sample contract. Analyze the key features of the contract. * Another major scope problem on IT projects is a lack of user involvement. 5. PMI presented the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) with the Project of the Year award for delivering world-class games that, according to the International Olympic Committee, made a profound impact upon the people of the world.* Four years before the Games began, the SLOC used a Primavera software-based system with a cascading color-coded WBS to integrate planning. Reflecting during the sprint retrospective would fit under closing. A lot of stakeholder engagement requires old-fashioned techniques like talking to someone! Anyone who has traveled to different parts of an organization, a country, or the world understands that expectations are not the same everywhere. Testing costs should be low due to the success of the prototype project. Key terms are displayed in boldface and are defined the first time they appear. The Surveyor Pro project team would use the cost estimate from Figure 7-2 along with the project schedule and other information to allocate costs for each month. Could other companies provide consultants to help with similar conversion projects? Clarify how virtual team members will communicate. Only after meeting deficiency needs can people act upon growth needs. Reliability is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions. Is anything unique in the projects scope statement that will affect resources? Tom Walters learned that he had to pay much more attention to the needs of the entire college before proceeding with detailed IT plans. Summarize your findings in a short paper. In addition to using the companys Satisfaction and Loyalty Tracking (SALT) customer analytics software to deliver key information in a timely manner, team members created a more personal process to focus on using data to improve the guest experience called HEART: Hear the Guest; Empathize with the Guest; Apologize to the Guest; Resolve the Issue; and Thank the Guest. PERTs main disadvantages are that it involves more work than CPM because it requires several duration estimates, and there are better probabilistic methods for assessing schedule risk. The project manager should be monitoring progress closely to ensure that deliverables are being completed and objectives are being met. Sample sensitivity analysis for determining break-even point The main outputs of quantitative risk analysis are updates to project documents, such as the risk report and risk register. Many organizations today use their ideas, which also influenced Six Sigma principles. Its a very Agile process that doesnt get bogged down with someone elses idea of what it means to be Agile. Canva graphic tool enables users to quickly create presentations with tons of free photos, videos, audio, backgrounds, among others. The project management plan provides the baseline for identifying and controlling project changes. * Risk continues to be an important issue in the financial industry, and organizations are taking a more proactive approach by investing in IT such as cloud computing, big data, and analytics to help them identify and mitigate risk. Schedule variance (SV) is the earned value minus the planned value. The Agile Manifesto described in Chapter 2 reiterates this concept of focusing on individuals and interactions over processes and tools. For example, if they are given work assignments they do not like, many workers will simply quit or transfer to other departments or projects. Born in 1900, Dr. W. Edwards Deming completed his doctorate in mathematical physics before working in US Government service where he applied statistical process control concepts in his work at National Bureau of Census that led to almost six-fold productivity improvement in some processes. 4. IS developers were also much more likely to be intuitive (about 55 percent) than the general population (about 25 percent). It is often shared through conversations and interactions between people. 3. If you experience audio issues during todays presentation please dial into the teleconference: 1.855.233.5756, teleconference code: 568-172-7969. Friendship: the ability to establish friendly personal relationships between the project manager and others* Top management grants authority to the project manager. This program consisted of several distinct projects, and Peter was in charge of overseeing them all. conflict management, decision making, emotional intelligence, influencing, and leadership) and project management information systems. Just as organizations realized the need to improve their software development processes and systems, they also realized the need to enhance their project management processes and systems for all types of projects. Network Diagrams Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing. You can also determine a projects internal rate of return (IRR) by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of zero for the project. As six of the 16 watertight compartments were breached and began flooding, the weight of the water in the bow pulled the ship under until the bulkheads overtopped. Year 1 Workbook 2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Name Role Responsibility Walter Schmidt CEO Project sponsor, monitor project Mike Zwack CIO Monitor project, provide staff Kim Nguyen Project Manager Plan and execute project Jeff Johnson Director of IT Operations Mentor Kim Nancy Reynolds VP, Human Resources Provide staff, issue memo to all employees about project Steve McCann Director of Purchasing Assist in purchasing hardware and software Sign-off: (Signatures of all the above stakeholders) Comments: (Handwritten or typed comments from above stakeholders, if applicable) This project must be done within 10 months at the absolute latest.Mike Zwack, CIO We are assuming that adequate staff will be available and committed to supporting this project. The company should recognise the importance of employees involvement and giving due weightage to their suggestions. Because projects involve uncertainty and limited resources, projects rarely finish according to their original scope, time, and cost goals. The CEO will formally approve the project with advice from other key stakeholders. Key elements of this framework include the project stakeholders, project management knowledge areas, project management tools and techniques, and the contribution of successful projects to the enterprise. Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and variation in manufacturing and business processes. What is the difference between using brainstorming and the Delphi technique for risk identification? As another example, if someone asked for an estimate of when you plan to finish reading a particular book, you might give an answer of two months. Summarize the three-sphere model for systems management in your own words. Project goals must be adjusted based on when particular people are available. Reporting formats: This section would describe the format and frequency of cost reports required for the project. The following section focuses on the IT application area, including skills required in the project environment, general management, and soft skills. Prevention of cruelty to animals Act 1960. Project teams should hold several planning meetings early in the projects life cycle to help develop the risk management plan. Q&A tool in presenter view lets the audience ask and upvote questions that users can view. A Pareto chart is a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas. Sensation/Intuition (S/N): This second dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information. Discuss the importance of following a well-integrated change control process on IT projects. This text provides up-to-date information on how good project management and effective use of software can help you manage projects, especially information technology projects. Joe created the product backlog after analyzing the survey results and discussing options with several people. For example, Figure 4-8 shows a project dashboard from the software ProjectManager. Suggestions for reducing common sources of risk on IT projects were provided at the beginning of this chapter. Sample mind-mapping technique for creating a WBS Source: MatchWare MindView 6.0 After discovering WBS items and their structure using the mind-mapping technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form, as described earlier. A project manager needs to check with the organization to learn its guidelines for when discounting starts, what discount rate to use, and what format the organization prefers. Problems can occur if project team members are assigned to several projects in a matrix structure and the project manager does not have adequate control of their time. As more people work remotely, it is important to make sure they have the necessary tools to be productive. Because of the diversity of IT projects and the newness of the field, it is important to develop and follow best practices in managing these varied projects. Elements of a risk register include the following: An identification number for each risk event: The project team may want to sort by risk events or quickly search for specific risk events, so they need to identify each risk with a unique descriptor, such as an identification number. Use the resource_histogram template file from the Companion website to create a stacked column chart showing a resource histogram for this project, similar to the example in Figure 9-6. After updating the inventory database, we will send an e-mail to each department manager to verify the information and make changes online as needed. Figure 9-11. The number of IT projects continues to grow in almost every industry, the complexity of these projects continues to increase, and the profession of project management continues to expand and mature. Notice the inclusion of a transition plan and a plan to analyze the benefits of the system each year in the final report. There should be a place for everything and everything should be in its place. Notice that it includes only basic stakeholder information, such as name, position, whether stakeholders are internal or external to the organization, their role on the project, and contact information. Why is good communication so critical to success? Several software tools provide graphics to summarize performance on a portfolio of projects, as shown in Chapter 4. Full-stack software development 2. Table 3-4 provides an example of part of the initial stakeholder register. Intangible benefits for projects often include items like goodwill, prestige, and general statements of improved productivity that an organization cannot easily translate into dollar amounts. They take the time to understand their sponsors expectations and then track project performance based on important success criteria. Figure 7-4 provides an example of a cost baseline for this project. Developers can analyze user stories to estimate the number of internal logical files (ILFs)a group of logically related data that resides entirely within the application boundary and is maintained through external inputs. If you prefer, find another well-documented project and summarize it instead. Communicating badly exponentially increases the possibility of making fatal mistakes. Make process policies explicit 5. Herzberg found that people were motivated to work mostly by feelings of personal achievement and recognition. This process of progressive elaboration, one of the project attributes listed in Chapter 1, is sometimes called rolling wave planning. As stated earlier, activities (or tasks, the term used in most project management software) are elements of work performed during the course of a project; they have expected durations, costs, and resource requirements. Earned value usage Source: Lingguang Song, Earned Value Management: A Global and Cross-Industry Perspective on Current EVM Practice, PMI (2011), p. 36. The interrelation of the functions meant they could not run in isolationit was a smoothly running machine.* Important outputs of monitoring and controlling project work include change requests and work performance reports. (January 26, 2022). Six Sigma helps companies improve quality by reducing defects. They are also more effective if they are familiar with the 10 project management knowledge areas and the various tools and techniques related to project management. Be sure to put arrowheads on all arrows to signify the direction of the relationships. For example, computer chip designers might want to determine which combination of materials and equipment will produce the most reliable chips at a reasonable cost. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Sample cause-and-effect diagram Using the 5 whys, you could first ask why users cannot get into the system, then why they keep forgetting their passwords, why they did not reset their passwords, and why they did not check a box to save a password. If the risk is outside of the scope of the project or the proposed response is outside of the project managers authority, it would make sense to escalate the risk to a higher-level manager within the organization. What scoring and interpretation methods will be used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of risks? She realized that she needed his signature on an important document. Suppose the study reported that 90 percent of surveyed students, faculty, and staff strongly opposed the idea of requiring all students to have tablets, and that many adult students said they would attend other colleges if they were required to pay for the additional technology. They justhave tosearch bydifferent colors, tasks, aesthetics, and more. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has projected the number of jobs for business analysts to increase 19 percent by 2022. For example, the risk might be low that the server would actually be defective. Be creative in developing potential management strategies. Several software packages have also been created specifically for project risk management. To perform well in that role, it is important to understand the organizations needs and staff your project with skilled workers capable of making the project a success. * Validating Scope It is difficult to create a good project scope statement and WBS for a project. For example, JWD Consulting assumed that its project would produce a system in about six months that would be used for three years, so costs are included in Year 0, when the system is developed. The best project managers know and practice this important conceptdo a good job of planning. Critical path method (CPM) also called critical path analysis is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. This example illustrates a positive change. Organizations must also consider reasons they might not want to outsource. There was a termination clause, however, meaning that the company could terminate the contract. Nick continued to do his old job of software developer and took on the added role of software integrator. The firm was breaking even with the Ask the Expert feature during the first year, and Erica estimated that the system provided $30,000 in additional profits the first year by generating new business, instead of the $40,000 the team had projected. Activity attributes 2. The winners clearly spell out what needs to be done in a project, by whom, when, and how. Nicks team could also have set baselines for completing the project and tracked their progress toward achieving those goals. FedEx was the first company to provide this type of service, which gave it a competitive advantage until others developed similar systems. * The Project Management Institute reported that the number of project-related jobs reached almost 66 million in 2017, and demand continues to increase. Change requests include recommended corrective and preventive actions and defect repairs. For example, the first stage in the grid is ignorance, where people might think they dont have any problems with usability. Even without such complaints, the home must comply with certain building codes and other restrictions; these considerations may also result in changes to the projects requirements, making the local government a stakeholder in the project.
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