5 and 7). Narcotic drugs are classified and placed under international control by the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended in 1972. At the 39th and 40th meetings: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto (Canada), At the 39th and 40th meetings: Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (Nigeria), Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Tanzania), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University (Thailand), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Iran), Professor of Psychiatry; Director, Iranian, University of South Australia (Australia), Professor of Pharmacology; Head of the School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Preparations considered to be pure cannabidiol (CBD) should not be scheduled within the international drug control conventions, Add delta-9-THC to Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention, If 5.2.1 is adopted, delete delta-9-THC from Schedule II of the 1971 Convention, If 5.2.2 is adopted, add other isomers of THC to Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention, If 5.3.1 is adopted, delete other isomers of THC from Schedule I of the 1971 Convention, Delete extracts and tinctures of cannabis from Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention, Give effect to the recommendation of the 40th ECDD meeting [] by adding a footnote to the entry for cannabis and cannabis resin in Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention to read Preparations containing predominantly CBD and not more than 0.2 per cent of delta-9-THC are not under international control. This year marks the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, signed on 30 March 1961. Some 250 substances are listed in the Schedules annexed to the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (New York, 1961, amended 1972), the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (Vienna, 1971) and the Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (introducing control on precursors) (Vienna, 1988). European Union legislation establishing different classes of substances is limited to the EU Regulations that define classes of precursors, stemming from the EU objectives of free movement of goods. Fifty years on, it is time for a critical reflection on the validity of the Single Convention today: a reinterpretation of its historical significance and an assessment of its aims, its strengths and its weaknesses. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. These drugs are placed under similar controls as schedule I substances except that parties need not require prescriptions for domestic supply. Only cannabis and cannabis resin are listed in the Schedules of the Single Conventions. Since there is still a considerable void in our knowledge of the plant and effects of the active drug contained in it, our recommendation is that marijuana be retained within schedule I at least until the completion of certain studies now underway to resolve the issue."[22]. As compared with the original assessments of cannabis from the 1950s "hastily drawn up on the back of an envelope, the methodology, quality of work and mechanisms for the review of substances considered for international control have evolved substantially"[2] when the ECDD started to collect data towards a pre-review. World Peace Through Law Center. "[55] For this reason, some have argued that changes in cannabis scheduling at the U.S. federal level may be fast-tracked on these grounds. ." "[10] Schedule IV is a "stricter subset of schedule I, that specifies extra control measures. 17. First, the aims, goals, and strategy in regard to combatting illicit drug trafficking became more focused and modernized because of its adoption. The Single Convention limits 'exclusively to medical and scientific purposes the production, manufacture, export, import, distribution of, trade in, use and possession of drugs' (art. What Kind of Drug Is It? Following the establishment of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, a commentary was prepared providing detailed explanation of the various articles and provisions of the convention. To place a drug in schedules II and III governments must control the factories where these drugs [49][50] Others suggested that the change in legal status could facilitate access and availability to medical cannabis,[35] or even legitimate the legalization of non-medical cannabis under Article 2(9) of the Single Convention. xb```b``a`e`` @1vI The social control of drugs. The Single Convention limits 'exclusively to medical and scientific purposes the production, manufacture, export, import, distribution of, trade in, use and possession of drugs' (art. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, was opened for signature on March 30, 1961. [10][34] According to the WHO: "The purpose of the pre-review is to determine whether current information justifies an Expert Committee critical review. United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs - Wikipedia Public Events - Cannabis and the 1961 Convention This change in perspective was particularly stark in relation to the plant-based substances cannabis, opium and the coca leaf. 16 Mar 2021. In summary, the recommendations were as follows: * produced either by chemical synthesis or as preparations of cannabis, that are compounded as pharmaceutical preparations with one or more other ingredients and in such a way that delta-9-THC cannot be recovered by readily available means or in a yield which would constitute a risk to public health. PREAMBLE. [30] One of the NGOs which sent the letter was in official relation with the WHO, making of its demand a mandate for the ECDD to comply with. Signatories to the Single Convention recognized the need for an international central monitoring and enforcement agency to oversee the production and trade of drugs. The removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961 is a change in international law that took place in 2021,[1][2] on the basis of a scientific assessment by the World Health Organization. "[11], The "cannabis plant" is defined as "any plant of the genus Cannabis" but has never been listed in any Schedule. PDF Fifty Years of the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: A - TNI Fifty years after its entering into force, it is time for a critical reflection on the validity of the Single Convention today: a reinterpretation of its historical significance and an assessment of its aims, its strengths and its weaknesses. [20][21] On the basis of the conclusions drawn by the ECDD, the United Nations Conference on Narcotic Drugs decided to list cannabis and cannabis resin in Schedules I and IV, while listing "extracts and tinctures" only in Schedule I.[4]. As of August 1, 1961 (the last day for such action), this treaty was signed by 64 countries and as of the date of writing this article eleven states had become parties by ratification or accession: Cameroun, Canada, Cuba, Dahomey, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Morocco, Syria, and Thailand. Bolivia's proposal to amend the 1961 Single Convention, Drug Law reform Series No 11, March 2011. . Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single 0000037814 00000 n Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The CSA also covers all categories of drugs including sedatives, Hallucinogens, and cocaine besides other stimulants, whereas the Single Convention covers only opioid drugs, cocaine, and cannabis (marijuana). Ahead of the vote, the Council of the European Union (via its Horizontal Drug Group) had agreed to a common position (yes to recommendations 5.1 to 5.4; no to recommendations 5.5 and 5.6). [51], According to the World Health Organization, the withdrawal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of C61 "will remove some international procedural barriers to research and development of cannabis- based medical products according to national regulatory frameworks. The treaty makes narcotic drug production and possession illegal, and it details an enforcement system for that purpose. 0000004834 00000 n for their medical and scientific uses; it also establishes the International . The Single Convention limits 'exclusively to medical and scientific purposes the production, manufacture, export, import, distribution of, trade in, use and possession of drugs' (art. Since EU action on new drugs started in 1997, over 25 substances have been placed under pan-European control in this way. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 - INCB 0000024261 00000 n Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Conferences | Drugs | United Nations Commentary on the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 1407, T.I.A.S. //]]>. The Single Convention strengthens the role of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND). Implications of U.S. Noncompliance with the Single Convention on Key Points. It is now time to discuss alternatives that are based on facts and evidence, said Dave Bewley Taylor introducing the session. Federal Register :: International Drug Scheduling; Convention on The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 is one of three major drug control treaties currently in force. 0000001970 00000 n 0000002228 00000 n "Annotated provisional agenda: Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Reconvened fifty-ninth session, Vienna, 30 November-2 December 2016 [E/CN.7/2016/1/ADD.1]", "UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs reclassifies cannabis to recognize its therapeutic uses", "COUNCIL DECISION (EU) 2021/3 of 23 November 2020 on the position to be taken, on behalf of the European Union, at the reconvened sixty-third session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, on the scheduling of cannabis and cannabis-related substances under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971", "The UN removes cannabis from a list of the most dangerous substances", "Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted, on behalf of the European Union, in the sixty-first session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the scheduling of substances under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971", "Explanation of CND vote on WHO scheduling recommendations on cannabis and cannabis-related substances in Vienna on 2 December 2020", "Infringement decisions (18 February 2021); February infringements package: key decisions", "Infringement decisions (12 November 2021); October infringements package: key decisions", "The WHO's First-Ever Critical Review of Cannabis", "High Compliance, a Lex Lata Legalization for the Non-Medical Cannabis Industry: How to Regulate Recreational Cannabis in Accordance with the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961", "Morocco moves to legalise some cannabis cultivation", "Le cannabis mdical, dconfin et dclassifi: retour sur le rcent changement de classification internationale:", "Background Press Call on Marijuana Reform", Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome, International Cannabinoid Research Society, Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking, 1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking, Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act, List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use, List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry, Le Dain Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs, Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking, National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, Safer Alternative for Enjoyable Recreation, Cannabis and Hemp Association of Namibia (CHAN), European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies, International Network for People who Use Drugs, Representacin Cannbica de Navarra (RCN-NOK), International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, List of current heads of state and government, Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America, 20192024 Sudanese transition to democracy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&oldid=1120097315, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Virginia Commonwealth University (United States). Otherwise, the Commission may decide to refer the case to the Court of Justice of the European Union. Summary: Mailing action to ask for an amendment of the agenda of the Expert Committee on Drug Dependence 38th meeting. !pkQPcjNi*l=m,\w.rXu:Q9$@!Uy& {6 h]x#H2eI%d+*2OutX5d 5Q The Single Convention, which openly supports the medical use of narcotics to relieve pain and suffering, states that these drugs are "indispensable" for the purpose. 3. But even before the Single Convention, the committee had this mandate under previous drug control treaties. The Convention grants WHO broad discretion in interpreting these two criteria. Dextroamphetamine Under Article 3 of the Single Convention,[5] the World Health Organization is mandated with assessing substances for their inclusion or move in, or withdrawal from the Schedules of the international drug control conventions. The WHO recommendations aimed to ensure that cannabis and cannabis-related substances are subject to the most relevant international control reflecting current scientific and medical knowledge. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 | International Examples of schedule I drugs include Opium, Morphine, and Methadone. xref Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 - druglibrary.org (1975). [5], After the vote, a number of analysts continued to follow these views, arguing that the decision taken would have little legal consequences, if any. Cannabis, cannabis resin, and heroin (diamorphine) are examples of schedule IV drugs. Note that these schedules or levels of control differ from those contained in the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of the United States. [8], The Single Convention is the main international treaty related to Cannabis sativa L. and its products. The INCB is more effective, however, in encouraging government to comply through confidential diplomatic initiatives than through the imposition of sanctions. Public Events - Cannabis and the 1961 Convention In 1961, the United Nations began holding periodic conferences on the issue of drug control. [27][28] In 2011, a Canadian Senate committee report noted that: "The argument for placing cannabis in [Schedule IV] was that it was widely abused. The special class of drugs in schedule IV exhibit strong addiction-producing properties or a high liability of abuse that cannot be offset by medical benefits or that poses too great a risk to public health to hazard using them commonly in medical practice. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs - FindLaw 5278 0 obj<> endobj 0000003411 00000 n Fifty years of the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: a reinterpretation, Drug Law Reform Series No 12, March 2011. [9], Schedule I includes substances that are highly addictive and highly liable to substance use disorders, or that are convertible into controlled drugs, while Schedule IV lists "certain drugs listed in Schedule I that are highly addictive and highly liable to abuse and rarely used in medical practice. Narcotic drugs are classified and placed under international control by the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended in 1972. Narcotics with a higher potential for abuse and with a lower medical value fall subject to tighter regulation than drugs with a lower potential for abuse and a greater medical value. Bruun, K., Pan, L., & Rexed, I. 73 countries were represented at the conference that took place in New York from 24 January to 25 March 1961, which sought to lay a new solid foundation for drug control in the post-war United Nations era. In the United States, there has been a number of lawsuits over whether cannabis' Schedule IV status under the Single Convention requires total prohibition at the national level (such as NORML v. Ingersoll 497 F.2d 654 in 1974 or NORML v. DEA 559 F.2d 735 in 1977). No. From 6 to 10 November 2017 (39th meeting), the ECDD undertook a pre-review of CBD. Parties must require licenses for manufacturers, wholesalers, and other handlers of narcotic drugs, and they must maintain a system of permits, record keeping, reports, controls, and inspections to prevent diversion of drugs to the illicit traffic. That meeting was known as the United Nations Conference on Narcotic Drugs. Narcotic drugs. They are used to induce a st, Single Parents by Sex and Selected Characteristics, Single photon emission computed tomography, Single Proton Emission Computed Tomography, Single Women of Boston Picket Relief Headquarters, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/single-convention-narcotic-drugs. For nearly 50 years, TNI has served as a unique nexus between social movements, engaged scholars and policy makers. The Transnational Institute (TNI) is an international research and advocacy institute committed to building a just, democratic and sustainable planet. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates.