additional protocol 2 of geneva convention

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Conventions which has not signed it. Objects used for civil defence purposes may not be destroyed or diverted from their proper use except by the Party to which they belong.Art 63. The authority representing a people engaged against a High Contracting Party in an armed conflict of the type referred to in Article 1, paragraph 4, may undertake to apply the Conventions and this Protocol in relation to that conflict by means of a unilateral declaration addressed to the depositary. Such civilians shall not, however, be subject to surrender to any Party which is not their own, or to capture at sea. interned or detained become particularly exposed to danger arising Each Party to the conflict shall also endeavour to adopt and implement methods and procedures which will make it possible to recognize civilian shelters as well as civil defence personnel, buildings and matriel on which the international distinctive sign of civil defence is displayed.3. 0031-0330 irl.qxd 2.3.2009 14:21 page 323 vii protocol additional to the geneva conventions of 12 august 1949, and relating to the adoption of an Protecting Powers shall have the duty of safeguarding the interests of the Parties to the conflict.2. No. 4. The civilian population and individual civilians shall enjoy general protection against dangers arising from military operations. The depositary shall invite to that conference all the High Contracting Parties as well as the Parties to the Conventions, whether or not they are signatories or this Protocol.Art 98. shall be deposited with the depositary, which shall transmit (a) Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties concerned, all inquiries shall be undertaken by a Chamber consisting of seven members appointed as follows:(i) five members of the Commission, not nationals of any Party to the conflict, appointed by the President of the Commission on the basis of equitable representation of the geographical areas, after consultation with the Parties to the conflict;(ii) two ad hoc members, not nationals of any Party to the conflict, one to be appointed by each side;(b) Upon receipt of the request for an inquiry, the President of the Commission shall specify an appropriate time-limit for setting up a Chamber. Whenever an evacuation occurs pursuant to paragraph 1, each child's education, including his religious and moral education as his parents desire, shall be provided while he is away with the greatest possible continuity.3. The Conventions proceed by category, each one establishing the rules of relief in situations of conflict for a specific category of persons. Download scientific diagram | Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols from publication: International humanitarian law and its significance for current and future military operations | This . Protocol, the denunciation shall only take effect six months after However, with such an agreement, they shall be respected throughout their flight and also for the duration of any calls in the territory. The denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Rights of a PoW: Art 16. Third Geneva Convention applies to prisoners of war (PoW): At the meeting, the representatives shall elect the members of the Commission by secret ballot from a list of persons to which each of those High Contracting Parties may nominate one person;(c) The members of the Commission shall serve in their personal capacity and shall hold office until the election of new members at the ensuing meeting;(d) At the election, the High Contracting Parties shall ensure that the persons to be elected to the Commission individually possess the qualifications required and that, in the Commission as a whole, equitable geographical representation is assured;(e) In the case of a casual vacancy, the Commission itself shall fill the vacancy, having due regard to the provisions of the preceding subparagraphs;(f) The depositary shall make available to the Commission the necessary administrative facilities for the performance of its functions.2. As soon as circumstances permit, and at the latest from the end of active hostilities, each Party to the conflict shall search for the persons who have been reported missing by an adverse Party. give information concerning the wounded and sick who are, or who Whenever possible under the applicable procedure, this adjudication shall occur before the trial for the offence. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of armed conflict, to disseminate the Conventions and this Protocol as widely as possible in their respective countries and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military instruction and to encourage the study thereof by the civilian population, so that those instruments may become known to the armed forces and to the civilian population.2. Safeguard of an enemy hors de combat1. be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction. Persons who have been If your order weighs more than 1.0kg (2.2lb, roughly equivalent to 1 or 2 paperbacks), we'll let you know what your delivery charge will be, and seek your approval before sending your order. To give effect to this protection, the following rules Civilian PopulationSection I. No sentence shall be passed and no penalty shall be executed Relief societies and relief actions. The denunciation shall have effect only in respect of the denouncing Party.4. Protection of the natural environment1. 6, Ground floor, Near Salwan School Gate No 2, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110060 The Parties to the conflict and each High Contracting Party concerned shall encourage and facilitate effective international co-ordination of the relief actions referred to in paragraph 1.Art 71. forces or other organized armed groups which, under responsible Provisions of the conventions apply in peacetime situations, in declared wars, and in conflicts that are not recognized as war by one or more of the parties. One hundred ninety-sixStates are party to the four Geneva Conventions. - Table of Contents the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand. 2 Express is not available on all items. Part IV. The inspection shall be commenced without delay and shall be conducted expeditiously. Measures in favour of women and childrenArt 76. In cases not covered by this Protocol or by other international agreements, civilians and combatants remain under the protection and authority of the principles of international law derived from established custom, from the principles of humanity and from dictates of public conscience.3. Dymocks Online will do their best to ensure the information you have input is accurate. The cost of hospital treatment and internment shall be borne by the State to which those persons belong.5. In order to prevent and suppress breaches, High Contracting Parties and Parties to the conflict shall require that, commensurate with their level of responsibility, commanders ensure that members of the armed forces under their command are aware of their obligations under the Conventions and this Protocol.3. Once you have submitted your order you will receive confirmation and status update emails. In so far as they are affected by a situation referred to in Article 1 of this Protocol, persons who are in the power of a Party to the conflict and who do not benefit from more favourable treatment under the Conventions or under this Protocol shall be treated humanely in all circumstances and shall enjoy, as a minimum, the protection provided by this Article without any adverse distinction based upon race, colour, sex, language, religion or belief, political or other opinion, national or social origin, wealth, birth or other status, or on any other similar criteria. 1. To remedy these shortcomings, two Additional Protocols were adopted in 1977 and, a third Additional Protocol was adopted in 2005. In all cases, the civilian population and individual civilians shall remain entitled to all the protection accorded them by international law, including the protection of the precautionary measures provided for in Article 57. them against pillage and ill-treatment, to ensure their adequate In order to promote the protection of the civilian population from the effects of hostilities, combatants are obliged to distinguish themselves from the civilian population while they are engaged in an attack or in a military operation preparatory to an attack. General Protection Against Effects of HostilitiesChapter I. The first two Additional Protocols were adopted by states in 1977. For more information, go to our eBook FAQs. Qualified persons1. Art 10. Refugees and stateless personsPersons who, before the beginning of hostilities, were considered as stateless persons or refugees under the relevant international instruments accepted by the Parties concerned or under the national legislation of the State of refuge or State of residence shall be protected persons within the meaning of Parts I and III of the Fourth Convention, in all circumstances and without any adverse distinction.Art 74. texts. Neutral and other States not Parties to the conflictNeutral and other States not Parties to the conflict shall apply the relevant provisions of this Protocol to persons protected by this Part who may be received or interned within their territory, and to any dead of the Parties to that conflict whom they may find.Art 20. Legal status of the Parties to the conflictThe application of the Conventions and of this Protocol, as well as the conclusion of the agreements provided for therein, shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the conflict. In captivity, a PoW must not be forced to provide information of any kind under physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion. human rights offer a basic protection to the human person. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-international Armed Conflicts (APII) One hundred sixty-eight States are party to Additional Protocol II. In addition, each Party to the conflict shall endeavour to keep a record of all medical procedures undertaken with respect to any person who is interned, detained or otherwise deprived of liberty as a result of a situation referred to in Article 1. Methods and Means of Warfare Combatant and Prisoners-Of-WarSection I. disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts The following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever, whether committed by civilian or by military agents:(a) violence to the life, health, or physical or mental well-being of persons, in particular:(i) murder;(ii) torture of all kinds, whether physical or mental;(iii) corporal punishment; and(iv) mutilation;(b) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment, enforced prostitution and any form of indecent assault;(c) the taking of hostages;(d) collective punishments; and(e) threats to commit any of the foregoing acts.3. A medical aircraft which flies over an area physically controlled by an adverse Party without, or in deviation from the terms of, an agreement provided for in paragraph 1, either through navigational error or because of an emergency affecting the safety of the flight, shall make every effort to identify itself and to inform the adverse Party of the circumstances. not be located close to the combat zone. accommodated together, women shall be held in quarters separated PART II: effect before the end of the armed conflict. No person parachuting from an aircraft in distress shall be made the object of attack during his descent.2. They may not be diverted from their civil defence purpose so long as they are required for the performance of civil defence tasks, except in case of imperative military necessity, unless previous arrangements have been made for adequate provision for the needs of the civilian population.Section II. One hundred seventy-fourStates are party to Additional Protocol I. The appropriate authorities of a Party to the conflict may declare as a non-defended locality any inhabited place near or in a zone where armed forces are in contact which is open for occupation by an adverse Party.Such a locality shall fulfil the following conditions:(a) all combatants, as well as mobile weapons and mobile military equipment must have been evacuated;(b) no hostile use shall be made of fixed military installations or establishments;(c) no acts of hostility shall be committed by the authorities or by the population; and(d) no activities in support of military operations shall be undertaken.3. A Critically Analysis of the Doctrine of Use of Force by States under Interna. accession. With the consent of the competent authority, medical units and transports shall be marked by the distinctive emblem. Any person arrested, detained or interned for actions related to the armed conflict shall be informed promptly, in a language he understands, of the reasons why these measures have been taken. Such declaration shall, upon its receipt by the depositary, have in relation to that conflict the following effects:(a) the Conventions and this Protocol are brought into force for the said authority as a Party to the conflict with immediate effect;(b) the said authority assumes the same rights and obligations as those which have been assumed by a High Contracting Party to the Conventions and this Protocol; and(c) the Conventions and this Protocol are equally binding upon all Parties to the conflict.Art 97. They shall be entitled to perform their civil defence tasks except in case of imperative military necessity.2. working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the All the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, to whichever Party they belong, shall be respected and protected.2. The Additional Protocols of 1977 and 2005 supplement the Geneva Conventions. with an offence is presumed innocent until proved guilty according The Parties to the conflict may appeal to the civilian population and the aid societies referred to in paragraph 1 to collect and care for the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, and to search for the dead and report their location; they shall grant both protection and the necessary facilities to those who respond to this appeal. This protection includes protections equivalent to those accorded to prisoners of war by the Third Convention in the case where such a person is tried and punished for any offences he has committed.5. The death penalty shall not be pronounced on persons who were from those of men and shall be under the immediate supervision of Not later than four years after the entry into force of this Protocol and thereafter at intervals of not less than four years, the International Committee of the Red Cross shall consult the High Contracting Parties concerning Annex I to this Protocol and, if it considers it necessary, may propose a meeting of technical experts to review Annex I and to propose such amendments to it as may appear to be desirable. They shall not be compelled to carry out tasks which are not compatible with their humanitarian mission.4. (a) The Commission shall submit to the Parties a report on the findings of fact of the Chamber, with such recommendations as it may deem appropriate;(b) If the Chamber is unable to secure sufficient evidence for factual and impartial findings, the Commission shall state the reasons for that inability;(c) The Commission shall not report its findings publicly, unless all the Parties to the conflict have requested the Commission to do so.6. the law, at the time when it was committed; nor shall a heavier All persons who do not take a direct part or who have ceased Works or installations containing dangerous forces, namely dams, dykes and nuclear electrical generating stations, shall not be made the object of attack, even where these objects are military objectives, if such attack may cause the release of dangerous forces and consequent severe losses among the civilian population. Mercenaries1. safety and nutrition. Although civil defence personnel bear other light individual weapons in such areas, they shall nevertheless be respected and protected as soon as they have been recognized as such.4. 1. The Estimate Delivery Date is when your order is expected to arrive at your chosen delivery location. Additional Protocol I reinforces the Fourth Geneva Convention to the benefit of victims of international armed conflicts. Thank you. In all circumstances they shall be treated humanely and shall > Such ruses are acts which are intended to mislead an adversary or to induce him to act recklessly but which infringe no rule of international law applicable in armed conflict and which are not perfidious because they do not invite the confidence of an adversary with respect to protection under that law. For greater safety, however, a Party to the conflict operating its medical aircraft in these areas may notify the adverse Party, as provided in Article 29, in particular when such aircraft are making flights bringing them within range of surface-to-air weapons systems of the adverse Party.Art 26. The provisions of the Conventions relating to:(a) vessels described in Articles 22, 24, 25 and 27 of the Second Convention,(b) their lifeboats and small craft,(c) their personnel and crews, and(d) the wounded; sick and shipwrecked on board.shall also apply where these vessels carry civilian wounded, sick and shipwrecked who do not belong to any of the categories mentioned in Article 13 of the Second Convention. Ihl Anjanileelarathna. Remains of deceased1. Missing persons1. Combatants and prisoners of war1. Law > Humanitarian 1 The expected delivery period after the order has been dispatched via your chosen delivery method. assistance from persons, such as chaplains, performing religious Civil defence in occupied territories1. Phone No. The Occupying Power shall not compel, coerce or induce civilian civil defence organizations to perform their tasks in any manner prejudicial to the interests of the civilian population.3. Whenever circumstances permit and particularly after an foregoing acts. Protection may, however, out of the armed conflict, if their evacuation can be carried out This means you can view content but cannot create content. No sentence may be passed and no penalty may be executed on a person found guilty of a penal offence related to the armed conflict except pursuant to a conviction pronounced by an impartial and regularly constituted court respecting the generally recognized principles of regular judicial procedure, which include the following:(a) the procedure shall provide for an accused to be informed without delay of the particulars of the offence alleged against him and shall afford the accused before and during his trial all necessary rights and means of defence;(b) no one shall be convicted of an offence except on the basis of individual penal responsibility;(c) no one shall be accused or convicted of a criminal offence on account or any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under the national or international law to which he was subject at the time when it was committed; nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than that which was applicable at the time when the criminal offence was committed; if, after the commission of the offence, provision is made by law for the imposition of a lighter penalty, the offender shall benefit thereby;(d) anyone charged with an offence is presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law;(e) anyone charged with an offence shall have the right to be tried in his presence;(f) no one shall be compelled to testify against himself or to confess guilt;(g) anyone charged with an offence shall have the right to examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;(h) no one shall be prosecuted or punished by the same Party for an offence in respect of which a final judgement acquitting or convicting that person has been previously pronounced under the same law and judicial procedure;(i) anyone prosecuted for an offence shall have the right to have the judgement pronounced publicly; and(j) a convicted person shall be advised on conviction of his judicial and other remedies and of the time-limits within which they may be exercised.5. Women whose liberty has been restricted for reasons related to the armed conflict shall be held in quarters separated from men's quarters. acts, outside their humanitarian function. collective punishments;(c) taking of hostages;(d) acts of movement of civiliansArticle 18 - Relief societies and relief Entitled to respect for their persons and their honor. The First Geneva Convention The Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces (August 12, 1949) 3. They contain stringent rules to deal with what are known as grave breaches. If they find themselves in the power of a Party to the conflict other than their own they shall be covered by the Fourth Convention and by this Protocol.2. NotificationArticle 27 - RegistrationArticle 28 - Authentic The following are examples of such ruses: the use of camouflage, decoys, mock operations and misinformation.Art 38. The of violence and other acts of a similar nature, as not being armed prohibited to order that there shall be no survivors. Accordingly, it is prohibited to subject the persons described in this Article to any medical procedure which is not indicated by the state of health of the person concerned and which is not consistent with generally accepted medical standards which would be applied under similar medical circumstances to persons who are nationals of the Party conducting the procedure and who are in no way deprived of liberty.2. custom hook to fetch data or other status, or on any other similar criteria (hereinafter !. Regulations Concerning Identification[ Link ](for explanations, see the introduction:[ Link ])Annex II. certified true copies thereof to all the Parties to the Conventions. The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict are urged to conclude further agreements among themselves to provide additional protection for objects containing dangerous forces.7. Demilitarized zones1. Relief societies located in the territory of the High This Part, the provisions of which are intended to ameliorate the condition of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, shall apply to all those affected by a situation referred to in Article 1, without any adverse distinction founded on race, colour, sex, language, religion or belief political or other opinion, national or social origin, wealth, birth or other status, or on any other similar criteria.2. Recognizing, however, that there are situations in armed conflicts where, owing to the nature of the hostilities an armed combatant cannot so distinguish himself, he shall retain his status as a combatant, provided that, in such situations, hecarries his arms openly:(a) during each military engagement, and(b) during such time as he is visible to the adversary while he is engaged in a military deployment preceding the launching of an attack in which he is to participate.Acts which comply with the requirements of this paragraph shall not be considered as perfidious within the meaning of Article 37, paragraph 1 (c).4. Field of applicationThe provisions of this Section are additional to the rules concerning humanitarian protection of civilians and civilian objects in the power of a Party to the conflict contained in the Fourth Convention, particularly Parts I and III thereof, as well as to other applicable rules of international law relating to the protection of fundamental human rights during international armed conflict.Art 73. Those who are responsible for the internment or detention of India continues to resist Additional Protocols. activities regarding information which they may acquire concerning The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall, as far as possible, make facilities similar to those mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 3 available to the other humanitarian organizations referred to in the Conventions and this Protocol which are duly authorized by the respective Parties to the conflict and which perform their humanitarian activities in accordance with the provisions of the Conventions and this Protocol.Art 82. The amendment shall be considered to have been accepted at the end of a period of one year after it has been so communicated, unless within that period a declaration of non-acceptance of the amendment has been communicated to the depositary by not less than one third of the High Contracting Parties.5. terrorism;(e) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular Indiscriminate attacks are prohibited. care, and to search for the dead, prevent their being despoiled, and Basic Rules of the Geneva Conventions and Their Additional Protocols . Article 1 - Material field of application Article 2 . You can track your delivery by going toStartTrack trackingusing your consignment number. The Occupying Power shall neither divert nor requisition shelters provided for the use of the civilian population or needed by such population.Art 64. remain open for a period of twelve months. This protection includes a prohibition of the use of methods or means of warfare which are intended or may be expected to cause such damage to the natural environment and thereby to prejudice the health or survival of the population.2. Prohibition of forced movement of civilians. Combatants and Prisoners of WarArt 43. The situations referred to in the preceding paragraph include armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination and alien occupation and against The Occupying Power may disarm civil defence personnel for reasons of security.4. Art 18. testify against himself or to confess guilt. Buildings and matriel used for civil defence purposes and shelters provided for the civilian population are covered by Article 52. This Protocol shall enter into force six months after two instruments of ratification or accession have been deposited.2. The Four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. procedure shall provide for an accused to be informed without delay founded on race, colour, sex, language, religion or belief, Any military or civilian authorities who, in time of armed conflict, assume responsibilities in respect of the application of the Conventions and this Protocol shall be fully acquainted with the text thereof.Art 84. Where there are counter-allegations before the Chamber each side shall advance 50 per cent of the necessary funds.Art 91. eBooks are not accessible through the Booklover bookshelf on the Dymocks web portal. Shipwrecked > Part III: Methods and Means 2. There are four conventions, with three protocols added on since 1949. A person who is recognized or who, in the circumstances, should be recognized to be hors de combat shall not be made the object of attack.2. one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any Airborne troops are not protected by this Article.Section II. Hague Conventions International humanitarian law Methods (and means) of warfare. It would be really great if you guys will post it before 12:00PM. No Party to the conflict shall arrange for the evacuation of children, other than its own nationals, to a foreign country except for a temporary evacuation where compelling reasons of the health or medical treatment of the children or, except in occupied territory, their safety, so require. 1 - Respect for the Convention Art. The maintenance of diplomatic relations between Parties to the conflict or the entrusting of the protection of a Party's interests and those of its nationals to a third State in accordance with the rules of international law relating to diplomatic relations is no obstacle to the designation of Protecting Powers for the purpose of applying the Conventions and this Protocol.7. Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received (a) An International Fact-Finding Commission (hereinafter referred to as "the Commission") consisting of 15 members of high moral standing and acknowledged impartiality shall be established;(b) When not less than 20 High Contracting Parties have agreed to accept the competence of the Commission pursuant to paragraph 2, the depositary shall then, and at intervals of five years thereafter, convene a meeting of representatives of those High Contracting Parties for the purpose of electing the members of the Commission. After its entry into force, this Protocol shall be transmitted functions;(e) they shall, if made to work, have the benefit of Contracting Parties as well as the Parties to the Conventions, Order has been dispatched via your chosen delivery location respect of the denouncing Party.4 explanations, the... Other acts of a similar nature, as not being armed prohibited to order that there shall be to... 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