He focused on Little Hans psychosexual development toresolve the mystery about Hans fear of horses. Little Hans: A centennial review and reconsideration, Trauma and abuse in the case of Little Hans: A contemporary perspective. How could the case of Little Hans show bias? On the surface, the case of Little Hans does have elements that can be interpreted as supporting the Oedipus complex. afraid of. (2007) The Freud's thoughts on the unique issues of young girls are very different and consist largely of a supposed envy of male genitals. When he analysed that Hans was five years old, the association was inevitable. The parents answered, telling Hans that a stork bird delivers babies in bags. Do you think there are any problems with using this kind of analysis? Majority Influence, Peter Tripp & Sleep Deprivation Experiment, Social & Cognitive Development: Impact on Interpersonal Relationships, Diaphysis of Bone | Function & Metaphysis vs. Diaphysis. Freud developed Oedipus complex. succeed. What was the traumatic event that Little Hans witnessed? His mother used to threaten to call the doctor and get him castrated. Freud wrote a summary of his treatment of Little Hans, in 1909, in a paper entitled "Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy." Case History: Little Hans' Phobia Since the family lived opposite a busy coaching inn, that meant that Hans was unhappy about leaving the house because he saw many horses as soon as he went out of the door. Privacy & Cookies
The process by which Freud obtained evidence to support his ideas has also been questioned. Little Hans, as Freud called him when. Is there a purpose behind our dreams and nightmares? Accounts vary as to how many time Freud saw Hans but it was probably only once or twice. Freud used dream interpretation as a major part of his treatment of Dora. Simply Psychology. Case studies have both strengths and weaknesses. However Freud also tries to use this case to support his theories of child These situations/objects become phobic stimuli and can be avoided. He had an anxiety attack in the street and was no longer able to go outside. McLeod, S. A. He (Herbert Graf) would go on to develop a successful career as an opera director. Finally, there are problems with the conclusions that Freud reaches. Sigmund Freud Papers: Interviews and Recollections, -1998; Set A, -1998; Interviews and; Graf, Max, 1952. Sigmund Freud studied a young boy he called Little Hans who had a phobia of horses. What was the method of the Little Hans study? Phineas Gage Brain Injury & Personality Changes | Who was Phineas Gage? (2008, October 24). flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? that he would have been biased in the way he interpreted and reported Hans behaviour to Freud. The case study of Little Hans is one of Freud's most famous case studies and deals with a five-year-old boy, Little Hans, who had developed a phobia of horses. How did it go with applying Freuds concept and evidence for psychosexual stages and theory of gender development? Freud presumedHans was traumatised by the view of the horses large genitalia, which led Little Hans to avoid leaving his home because he did not want to encounter any horses. Breuer diagnosed the young woman with hysteria and later discussed her case with Freud, who developed his own ideas of what lay at the root of Anna O.'s condition. The boy's phobic symptoms can therefore be deconstructed not only as the expression of oedipal fantasy, but as a communication of the traumatic abuse occurring in the home. The birth of his sister led Little Hans to question the process of conception and childbirth. This happened very soon after Hans had attended a funeral and was beginning to question his This was the first connection between, or leap, towards what was causing little Hans' 'fear' of his father. Book Description. The attention of his mother that his newborn sister deprived him of led to feelings of jealousy towards her, and he indicated a wish that she would drown in the bath. Daniel Cole has taught a variety of philosophy and writing classes since 2012. Everything you need for your studies in one place. They may fear that the father will eliminate the threat that they pose by castrating them, leading to castration anxiety. Hans phobia could be seen differently by others, which means that the study case is unreliable. Since Sigmund Freud's beneficial input in this case was at a minimal, and a secondary goal was to explore what factors led to the phobia in the first place, and what exact . Terms of Use
Hans particularly feared horses with black around the mouth. During which child focuses interest on opposite sex parent. The superego operates both unconsciously and consciously. According to Freud, Little Hanswanted his sister to drown in the bath so he could have his mother to himself. Graf's son, Herbert, witnessed a tragic accident in which a horse carrying a heavily loaded cart collapsed in the street. Little Hans: a case study by Freud "Little Hans" was a young boy who was the subjectof an early but extensive study of castration anxietyand the Oedipuscomplex by Freud. Freud saw the crumpled giraffe as representing the boys mother - he attempted to steal her away from the other giraffe, who denoted his father, and was met with cries of opposition. 'The case history 'Little Hans' illustrates very clearly some of Freud's most basic theories, such as infantile sexuality, the role of transference, and the Graf, H. (1959). This delicate interaction between theory and clinical data can be seen in the history of interpretations of Freud's "Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy" ("Little Hans"). Note: Hans seemingly only became afraid of horses upon seeing one collapse. Through observations . Washington, DC. Freud certainly presents the Little Hans case as fitting nicely with his overall theory of psychosexual development. Hans phobia could be seen differently by others. Biological Approach Overview & Examples | What is the Biological Approach? In one instance, Hans said to his father Daddy don't trot away from me as he got up from the table. Freud saw Hans' phobia as an To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Will you pass the quiz? ", Since the family lived opposite a busy coaching inn, that meant that Hans was unhappy about leaving the house because he saw many horses as soon as he went out of the door.. In support of his Oedipal theory of Little Hans's horse phobia, Freud argues that Hans's assertion that his younger sister Hanna has a penis is a defense against castration anxiety, revealing a key Oedipal component. More importantly, is It can be argued that this leads to a drastic reduction in objectivity, particularly as the father (Max Graf) was a supporter of Freud's ideas. Freud thought that, during the phallic stage (approximately between 3 and 6 years old), a boy develops an intense sexual love for his mothers. 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He feared to see other horses and thus didnt want to leave home. Freud was attempting to demonstrate that the boys (Little Hans) fear of horses was related to his Oedipus complex. The father was a follower and supporter of Freud's ideas, and this may have encouraged him to contact Freud. Is this true or false? Its known that Little Hans parents were Freuds followers, and the information provided to Freud may be considered biased. Little Hans father, Max Graf, shared with Freud several conversations he had with his son. Little Hans was a five-year-old boy who suffered from an extreme fear, or a phobia. Psychology approaches, theories and studies explained, Access 2,200+ insightful pages of psychology explanations & theories, Insights into the way we think and behave, Body Language & Dream Interpretation guides. Based on the study, applying Freuds concept and evidence for psychosexual stages and theory of. According to Freud the cause of Little Hans' phobia was related to his Oedipus complex. It is a lack of population validity. The Little Hans Case Study was used as evidence of such psychosexual development theory that Freud had stated. The review of Little Hans takes place in the period of the Phallic phase, around ages 3 - 4, when children obsess about the penis, sexual differences between men and women and early sexual theories, like that of the stork. This theory also proposes that the psyche comprises three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. Freud, S. (1905). He published the case in his 1909 brilliant paper Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy. Learn about Little Hans's psychology case study, its implications on psychology, and its interpretation. 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For Freud, the Oedipus complex consists of a child wanting to replace their father as the object of their mother's love. Lisa has 27 years of experience treating speech, language, memory and swallowing disorders in a variety of settings. Freud described Little Hans interest in widdlers as an unconscious motive. Se, 7. He witnessed an accident with a heavily loaded horse that collapsed in front of him. Freud noted that the father wore spectacles which he took to resemble blinkers to the child. Introduction This paper is about a young boy called "Little Hans" (Herbert Graf). He was also a practicing therapist, however, and some of his works are case studies of patients, both of his own and people he did not directly treat. Little Hans himself also developed a fear of such misfortune occurring to him. development generally and case studies should not be used to make generalisations about larger To summarize, the first three stages are: Oral Stage - from birth to around 1 year of age, during which the need to feed is satisfied by oral means. Hans' father would send documentation to Freud on the boy's behavior. Ultimately, Freud viewed Hans's phobia as an instance of the Oedipus complex, which is named after the tragic Greek character, Oedipus, who had unwittingly slain his father and married his mother. Information from the archived documents reveal much conflict within the Graf family. He thought the phobia was Hans's displaced fear of his father's punishment for his forbidden thoughts. Freud wrote a summary of his treatment of Little Hans, in 1909, in a paper entitled "Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy." falling over and developed a phobia as a result of this experience. Phallic Stage - from the age of 3 to around 6 years, ones self-awareness brings about an interest in the genitals, which become the main erogenous zone during this stage. He imagined one of the giraffes to be crumpled, and took it away from the second giraffe, who called out to him. It offers the possibility . Explore the strengths and weaknesses of this case study. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Freud interpreted that the horses in the phobia were symbolic of the father, and that Hans feared that the horse (father) would bite (castrate) him as punishment for the incestuous desires towards his mother. Alternatively, Little Hans could be viewed through attachment theory, which holds that relationships early in life tend to have lasting effects. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Together, Freud and the father tried to understand what the boy was experiencing and undertook to resolve his phobia of horses. It was interpreted as a morning routine involving Little Hans and his father and mother waking up (the father is the big giraffe and the crumpled one was the mother). Related; Information; Close Figure Viewer. The baby sisters birth led Little Hans to question the process of conception and childbirth. To what extent are people controlled by their roles in society? Box R1, Sigmund Freud Papers. The father went on to provide Freud with extensive details of conversations with Hans. However, Freud's therapeutic input in this case was minimal, and a secondary aim was to explore what factors might have led to the phobia in the first place, and what factors led to its remission. succeed. Hans had seen a horse fall down in the street and thought it was 2022 Psychologist World. For this reason, they may not be generalised or applicable to others. The psychoanalyst believed that Little Hans behavior provided much needed evidence in support of his theory that infants proceed through five stages of psychosexual development, and published the case in a paper entitled Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy (1909).1. The interview version is as follows: "When my son was born, I had to decide whether to let him . In brief, Hans was a five-year-old who developed a phobia of horses after seeing one fall down and. How long was Freuds study of Little Hans? Such documents have provided some key details that may alter the way information from the original case is interpreted. Herbert was born in 1903 in Vienna. Hans did recover from his phobia after his father (at Freud's suggestion) assured him that he had no intention of cutting off his penis. On one occasion, Little Hans described two giraffes entering the room that he was in. Hans was especially fearful of horses with black around their eyes or mouths, which Freud linked to the glasses and mustache of Hans's father. the unconscious castration fears are not testable, and Freuds Oedipus Complex cannot be measured. Sigmund Freud (18561939) was an Austrian thinker and psychologist who founded psychoanalysis. Also, the Oedipus theory can't be applied to single-parent families, and Freud didn't even consider whether it applied in non-Western cultures. How did Little Hans mother propose to stop him from playing with his penis? The repressed feelings are displaced on to an object or situation with which thy are associated with. Further, Hans is developing a nascent awareness of the sexual desire between his parents. Because of the rich data collection, the study can be re-analysed on an interpretative level relating specifically to Hans. There was nothing that was ethically wrong with the case of Little Hans. Hans told his father of a dream/fantasy which his father summarized as follows: Freud and the father interpreted the dream/fantasy as being a reworking of the morning exchanges in the parental bed. Hans enjoyed getting into his parents bed in a morning but his father often objected (the big giraffe calling out because he had taken the crumpled giraffe - mother - away). Parts licensed underGNU FDL. It was the first ever psychoanalytic treatment on a child. Freud interpreted this as Hans fear that his father would. Little Hans. It was pulling a horse-drawn bus carrying many passengers and when the horse collapsed Hans had been frightened by the sound of its hooves clattering against the cobbles of the road. He also suffered attacks of more generalized anxiety. Little Hans is the name commonly given to a case study by Sigmund Freud, of which the full title is 'Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy', first published in 1909. Freud demonstrated interest in the role of sexual drives concerned childrens development. Hans's sexually excited attachment to his mother and his ambivalent feelings towards . Conclusion. This explanation will present the relevance of the Little Hans case in psychology. In 1909, psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud was approached by a friend whose five-year-old son had developed a phobia of horses. a more straightforward explanation? As Freud says, 'We are obliged to pay as much attention in our case histories to the purely human and social circumstances of our patients as to the somatic and the symptoms of the disorder. They allow for detailed examinations of individuals All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Describe different types of data that can be collected in Psychology. One boy from Vienna, Austria from the ages of 3-5 years old in 1908 Procedure Age 3 = sister is born and shows jealousy and hostility, death wish and big focus on his 'widdler' Age 4= seduction attempt on his mother asking her to tough his widdler Age 5 = anxiety attack and horse phobia - looks like his dad Brown, R. (1965). Little Hans: A centennial review and reconsideration. He feared seeing other horses, and he didnt want to leave home for his phobia of horses. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Sigmund Freud's theory suggests that human behavior is influenced by unconscious memories, thoughts, and urges. Freud had instructed the father to reassure his son that castration was not forthcoming and that he loved him. The father's skin resembled white horses rather than dark ones. In fact, Hans said, "Daddy, you are so lovely. A primary one for young boys includes an experience that he called the Oedipus complex, a hypothesis proposed by Freud that was named after the Greek tragic hero who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. Freud also devoted great effort to the explanation of child psychosexual development. He also added that Hans had experienced repression through his mothers threats, which developed into his fear of castration. Only on one occasion did Freud hold a session with the boy in person. From around three years of age, little Hans showed an interest in widdlers, both his own penis and those of other males, including animals.
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