The women and the caregivers signed a written informed consent form before participating in the study. Providing treatment and monitoring symptoms is an important service provided by the caregiver. Jean Watson's Human Caring Theory and the Nursing Process. Through knowing the caregiver identified with the womans wishes and her personal desire to be understood regarding the significant loss in her life [14]. Although additional research is clearly needed the guidelines for coping with grief following a miscarriage can be safely based on the data available for coping with other significant types of losses [9]. Keywords: Swansons Middle Range Caring Theory, Miscarriage, Missed Miscarriage, Qualitative Method. Before Understandably they may be very concerned that the fetus has been deceased in the uterus for up to four or five weeks. 451-464. Asserts that nursing care is a set of interrelated processes that evolve from the nurse's own convictions and knowledge& his/her interactions with the patient. The chaos is killing me. 288-298. The different responses following a miscarriage can range from tears, and other expressions of anxiety [2,9]. Doing for is defined as. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. Swanson's (1993) Theory of Caring is structured around five principles that encompass the overall definition of caring in nursing practice. First of all. Given the range of potential interpretations of the nature of this particular loss, the loss of a fetus as compared to a potential child and human being, practitioners and caregivers should encourage women to articulate and act out the specific nature of their loss to assist them in resolving the experience [9]. However, the well-being of this vulnerable . 5 Processes of this theory: Knowing: striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other; avoiding assumptions. sub-categories and categories are exemplified. In the event the woman should express concern for symptoms that may indicate early or missed miscarriage the caregiver will attentively listen, reflect and determine an appropriate course of action. How do patients with exacerbated chronic pulmonary disease experience care in the intensive care unit?. 352-357. The theory revolves around four major concepts: human being, health, environment and society, and nursing and makes 7 assumptions (Petiprin, 2016). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 7, October 2006, pp. Women who experience miscarriage have a deep sense of loss and they feel guilt and emptiness. 2nd ed. Caregivers of the women who have suffered a missed miscarriage sometimes have cases where the miscarriage is undetected until the routine ultrasound procedure, which usually occurs around the eighteenth week in the pregnancy term. Being it is defined as Being emotionally present to other. Seeing the ultrasound image was tough.. Applying Watsons Theory of Caring Model to a Patient Care Scenario. Interviews marked with were held in Stockholm. Barbara DiCicco-Bloom is an Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, New York, NY. Understanding these factors and building up tolerance that aligns with her values will help Mrs. Crane feel more comfortable in completing her activities when discharged. Emotional support was provided through listening and accompaniment. All women were breastfeeding at the end of the study interview series. C Graham. Application of the Model to Advanced Practice Nursing Because caring is the core value of nursing, a FNP should use Swanson's caring theory as a foundation for their practice as it has proven to strengthen patient relationships and improve their healthcare experiences (Westmoreland & Wojnar, 2019). Watson's Theory of Human Caring seems to be proper in caring for these patients. These facilities are located within sixty miles of each other in large urban areas. Being is t he second and entails the nurse being present for the couple, emotionally over and above physical presence. D. M Wojnar and A. Petras. When the woman experiencing a miscarriage feels that there is something wrong with her pregnancy it is important and necessary that the caregiver responds to her feelings and fears. Moreover, health is also associated with the degree of congruence between the experienced and perceived self. The nature the miscarriage experience may cause the woman to be distressed about future pregnancies, lost expectations for a baby and may trigger disturbing memories of past problems with pregnancy or child bearing. Prevention of these ulcers helps in the prevention of increased morbidity and mortality. The contact between two individuals, specifically the nurse and patient, can help assist in the recovery process and promote harmony within the mind, soul, and body. 5 components of caring: One way to ensure that caring is central to the patients' experience is to endorse Watson's theory of human caring as the basis or a guide for nursing practice. 6, 2004, pp. Measurement and time on Miscarriage Impact and Womens Well-being. Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. By monitoring her upon discharge, I would be able to continue to facilitate the patient-nurse relationship and have a better understanding of her functioning outside of the hospital. When breathing is a burden: how to help patients with COPD. Of the potential eligible women twenty-five agreed to participate. Descriptions of the sense of grief felt by women that typically follow a miscarriage tend to vary significantly and tend to match the descriptions of grief that accompany other forms of significant loss. For information on cookies and how you can disable them visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy. A relationship is established with the midwife when the woman signs in at the Maternity Healthcare Center and is strengthened and confirmed throughout the process of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. K. M. Swanson. After a miscarriage some women may experience a state of shock and have a total grief reaction [2,4]. A. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. PLOS ONE, 12(4). Data was complied during the spring and summer 2007 (Table 2). Findings suggest the five caring processes described by Swanson enhance the nurse-patient relationship and the bereaved mother's wellbeing. N. Brier, Grief Following Miscarriage a Comprehensive Review of the Literature, Journals of Womens Health, Vol. In a bid to address burnout, U of T-led study examines nurses work environment during COVID-19. Hello! 67-72. Jean WatsonsTheory of Human Caringfocuses on how nurses care for their patients, and how the act of caring relationships and healing promotes better health than simple medical cures (Watson, 2009). A process for developing concepts is presented and one of the critical concepts in the author's theory of goal attainment, transactions, is used to demonstrate the process of concept development through research. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The interviews included information about the treatment provided by the caregivers during the period afterward of the diagnosis. 2.3. The second stage consisted of meaning-bearing. Most women who have experienced amissed miscarriage suffer from grief and some may need professional support [4]. The acute crisis consists of the shock phase when it is difficult to remember what has happened and is followed by the reaction phase which is when the person begins to absorb the event and returns to a state of awareness. Five Caring Processes: 1. International Journal of Caring Science, 8(1), 25-35. The author can be reached via e-mail at [emailprotected]. As Watsons theory views illness, as not only being objective, but also subjective to the patients experience (Nursing Theory, 2016). Nurses should encourage self-disclosure as this will help to lead to new discoveries and the development of a strong and trusting relationship. Understanding her life story, perhaps her role in her family or community, would be important to address including the introduction of energy conservation techniques to help her accomplish or participate in things that are meaningful to her (Fotokian, 2017). Building her confidence in participating in activities could involve helping her from her chair to her walker or using the walker to go to the washroom. When patients feel cared for and included in their treatment plan, there is more space for increasing their knowledge and understanding of their illness (Torheim & Kvangarsnes, 2014, p 747). Peters MD, Lisy K, Riitano D, Jordan Z, Aromataris E. Women Birth. M. Q. Patton. Following the seventh carative factorit would be imperative to engage Mrs. Crane in transpersonal teaching and learning to find solutions to how she can participate fully in fulfilling her daily activities. The results suggest that nursing managers, besides selecting skilful staff for ICUs, may consider employing those of higher "interest in the nursing profession"; "moral obligation"; and "job experience" to help handle the complex issue of improving the quality of care more efficiently. 2006-2013 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. Watson's theory has theoretical underpinnings of Nightingale and Rogers, and theoretical concepts from philosophy and psychology (Chinn & Kramer, 2017). Conclusion. 48. Watsons first carative factor involved forming a humanistic and altruistic set of values. Study design and methods: Midwives need to give the women clear information and add to their better understanding regarding their new life situation. Given the proper care after a miscarriage every woman has the power within herself to improve their wellbeing. The authors are grateful to all the women, midwives and nurses who participated and communicated their knowledge and experiences to us. The conceptual elements of the theory revolve around the caritas process (see appendix A), the transpersonal caring relationship, caring moments and caring occasions, and caringhealing modalities (Watson, 2012). Having the support of a social network can be an important part of the grieving process.. The follow up examination has been determined to be a positive contribution in the healthcare system to the wellbeing of the women who have suffered a miscarriage [6,8]. Each meaning-bearing unit was given a code, sub categories and main categories [23] based on categories of the Swanson Middle Range Caring Theory [14] (Table 3). Watson, J. Conclusions: Swanson's Middle Range Caring Theory as applied to the caregiver includes being emotionally present, giving support with respect for the woman's dignity, being competent, meeting each woman's own individual needs. Swanson's theory of caring has application to nursing care of women experiencing stillbirth. Through the interplay between research, theory and practice Dr. Swansons theory has been translated into practice at University of North Carolina. The controversy surrounding the death of British toddler Alfie Evans, explained. With using this theory caring can be seen through providing presence, touch, listening, knowing the patient, spiritual caring, relieving pain, and family care. Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, January/February 2019 - Volume 44 - Issue 1, January/February 2019 - Volume 44 - Issue 1 - p 27-32, Application of Caring Theory to Nursing Care of Women Experiencing Stillbirth, Articles in PubMed by Natasha Nurse-Clarke, PhD, RN, CNS, Articles in Google Scholar by Natasha Nurse-Clarke, PhD, RN, CNS, Other articles in this journal by Natasha Nurse-Clarke, PhD, RN, CNS, Nurses' Perspective on Caring for Women Experiencing Perinatal Loss, Breastfeeding Support Guided by Swanson's Theory of Caring, Clinician Perspectives of Barriers in Perinatal Palliative Care, Attitudes of Physicians, Midwives, and Nurses About Doulas: A Scoping Review.
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